الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 230 |  |  |
| | | from | 230 | | |
Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out in two locations, the first at Sids Agricultural Research Station Farm, ARC, Beba City and the second at a private farm at El-Fashn City (the two locations located in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt). The design of the two experiments was split-split design in three factors and four replications. The factors were:
(A): chemical phosphorus fertilizer, i.e., 0.0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % from its recommended rate (RRP).
(B): foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate twice at rate of 2 % after the second irrigation and after one month later.
(C): zinc treatments, i.e., without, foliar spraying of 0.2 % zinc sulphate twice and foliar spraying of 0.2 % nanoparticles of zinc oxide twice. The foliar spraying of zinc treatments was added at the same time of rock phosphate addition.
The main results could be summarized as follows:
4.1. Growth at 75 days age and nodulation parameters.
1. The growth parameters, i.e., plant height and dry weight / plant as well as nodulation (number of nodules / plant and dry weight of nodules / plant) were significantly increased with increasing chemical phosphorus levels up to 100 % RRP.
2. Foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate resulted in significant increases in growth and nodulation parameters when compared with no foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate.
3. Foliar spraying of zinc, whether as sulphate salt or nanoparticles zinc oxide resulted in significant increases in growth and nodulation parameters than control. The effect of foliar spraying of zinc sulphate was equal to the foliar spraying of nanoparticles zinc oxide on these parameters.
4. Combined 75 % RRP with foliar spraying of 2 % nanoparticles rock phosphate gave growth and nodulation parameters equal to those under 100 % RRP.
5. The treatment of 100 % RRP or 75 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate + foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or foliar spraying of nanoparticles zinc oxide gave the highest growth and nodulation parameters.
4.2. Yield components.
1. The yield components in term of number of pods / plant, number of seeds / pod and 100-seed weight were positively responded to increasing phosphorus level.
2. Supplied soybean with nanoparticles rock phosphate resulted in higher yield components than control.
3. Foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide improved the studied yield components than without zinc. The effect of using nanoparticles zinc oxide was in par with the effect of zinc sulphate on yield components.
4. The treatment of 75 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate gave values of yield components equal to those obtained by 100 % RRP. The highest values of yield components of soybean plants were obtained under the treatment of 100 % or 75 RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock P + foliar spraying of zinc, whether as zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide.
4.3. Yield measurements.
1. Seed, straw and biological yield were significantly increased as chemical phosphorus levels increased up to 100 % RRP.
2. Added nanoparticles rock phosphate as foliar spraying twice at rate of 2 % resulted in higher seed and / or straw yield than without nanoparticles rock phosphate treatment.
3. Comparing with control, supplied soybean plant with zinc as zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide led to higher yield than control. The effect of nanoparticles zinc oxide on soybean yield was in par to the effect of zinc sulphate.
4. The results of the interaction, revealed that combined 75 % RRP with foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate exhibited soybean yield equal to those produced under 100 % RRP. The highest seed and / or straw yield were obtained under the treatment of 75 or 100 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate + foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide.
4.4. Nutrient concentration.
1. Increasing chemical phosphorus levels resulted in significant increasing in N, P and K concentration in both seeds and straw, while zinc concentration in soybean seeds and straw decreased as increasing phosphorus levels.
2. Foliar spraying of nanoparticles of rock phosphate led to significant increase in N. P and K concentrations in soybean seeds and straw, while zinc concentration did not affect.
3. Treated soybean with zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc enhanced N, P, K and zinc concentrations in seeds or straw. The effect of nanoparticles zinc on nutrient concentrations was in par to the effect of zinc sulphate.
4. The nutrient concentrations were responded to the interaction between chemical phosphorus and nanoparticles rock phosphate, while combined 75 % RRP with foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate yielded nutrient concentration equal to treatment of 100 % RRP. The treatment of 75 or 100 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate + foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide produced highest nutrient concentration in seeds or straw of soybean plants.
4.5. Nutrient uptake.
1. N, P, K and Zn uptake in seed, straw and total uptake were positively responded to increasing chemical phosphorus levels up to 100 %.
2. The highest values of N, P, K and Zn uptake by seeds and / or straw were obtained under the treatment of foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate in comparison to control.
3. Foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide resulted in increasing of N, P, K and Zn in seeds and / or straw comparing with control. The effect of nanoparticles zinc oxide on nutrient uptake was in par to the effect of zinc sulphate.
4. Treated soybean plants with 75 % RRP plus foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate absorbed N, P, K and Zn in its seeds or straw equal to those fertilized with 100 % RRP. The treatment of 75 or 100 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate + foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide exhibited the highest nutrient uptake
4.6. Protein and oil percentages and yield.
1. The protein and oil percentages and yield in soybean seeds were increased as chemical phosphorus levels increased. The phosphorus application at 100 % from its recommended rate yielded highest protein and oil percentages and yield.
2. Foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate gave highest values of both protein and oil percentages and yields when compared with control.
3. Fertilized soybean plants with zinc, whether zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide to significant increases in protein and oil percentages and yields over control. The effect of foliar spraying of nanoparticles zinc oxide on protein and oil percentages and yields was in par to the effect of zinc sulphate.
4. The treatment of 75 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate gave protein and oil content in soybean seeds equal to those under the treatment of 100 % RRP. The highest values of protein or oil percentages and yields were recorded under the treatment of 75 or 100 % RRP + foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate + foliar spraying of zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide.
4.7. Fatty acids composition.
1. Increasing phosphorus levels led to significant increases in linoleic and linolenic acids and decreased oleic and palmitic acids in soybean oil.
2. Foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate had a positive effect on linoleic and linolenic acids percentage and negative effect on oleic and palmitic acids in soybean oil.
3. Linoleic and linolenic acids were significantly increased due to zinc application, whether as zinc sulphate or nanoparticles zinc oxide. The effect of the two studied zinc sources on the fatty acids composition was equal.
4. Combined 75 % RRP with foliar spraying of nanoparticles rock phosphate gave linoleic and linolenic acids in soybean oil in par to those under 100 % RRP, while oleic and palmitic acids did not respond to interaction between treatments. The treatment of 75 or 100 % of chemical phosphorus + foliar spraying of 2 % nanoparticles rock phosphate + foliar spraying of 0.2 % zinc sulphate or 0.2 % nanoparticles zinc oxide produced highest values of linoleic and linolenic acids and lowest values of oleic and palmitic acids in soybean oil.