الفهرس 
Review on Viscosity Reduction for Reducing the Pumping Energy Consumption during Heavy Oil Transportation through PipelineOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This review presents the main heavy oil properties required to discuss the main characteristics of viscous oil to focus on its physical properties that affect the liquidity of the oil through pipeline transportation, such as density, and viscosity. Then discuss methods of pipeline transportation optimization. Transportation via pipeline is a complicated process because of the high cost of pumping energy consumption required for the transportation process; different technologies have been proposed to improve the flow properties of the heavy oil. In this chapter, various technologies for viscosity reduction, consequently, the pumping energy required and optimization of the process of heavy oil transportation via pipeline are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are illustrated. The minimization of the pumping power consumption, and accordingly, the operational cost is revealed.