الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 92 |  |  |
| | | from | 92 | | |
Abstract
Annually, governments around all over the world spend a huge budget in
metal pipelines of the infrastructure projects in addition to the instruments of installation costs for because of the huge volumes and weights of the metal pipelines Metal pipeline characterized by strength, durability and high performance, but
the corruption of metal pipelines has its additional budgets due to corrosion
which has a huge consequence in costs either pipelines cost, water leakage or
even its hazardous fundamental effects on building and roads (e.g., ground
depressions) Knowing the efficiency of pipelines accurately against the effects corrosive water components and calculating resistance and weight loss is the only solutions of monitoring the age of pipelines and the periodic maintenance date. Langelier saturation index considered the best indicator to show up the water affection on metal pipes either corrosive or scale forming which was invented in 1936 by Langelier W.F. This research study is considered a takeover and the finish of the study of Langelier saturation index.
Langelier W. F made his own saturation index that based on water components
which are pH, TDS, calcium carbonate, alkalinity and temperature.
LSI=pH – pHs that gave indications of the essence of the water effect and its
tendency either corrosive effect (-ve) or even scale deposition effects (+ve).
Although, LSI was only based on indications but its era was great.
now with the technological advances and accuracy indications is not even
enough in this expensive industry
Working on the method of LSI and converting the indications into accurate
digital data and results in both of theoretical and practical is the main of the research study, that can be the only prevention from the countless damage that happening due to pipelines corrosion The research study discusses many conditions and causative factors of the failure in piping systems which are water components, going through
characteristics of networks distribution systems and corrosion effects, causative factors and corrosion types and ending up the study of Langelier saturation index and the developed equations with the experimental works.And through the theoretical methods of LSI equations which gives the indications of water components effects along with the experimental practice
which give the weight loss & accumulative loss of pipelines samples, therefore the pipeline age, time of periodic maintenance and the critical case of replacement can be obtained in each of ductile iron and carbon steel pipelines. The research study discuss the method of Langelier saturation index method and calculating the values of water components to get water effect water on metal distribution system along with the experimental method by preparing water samples of two deferent types of metal pipelines which are ductile iron and carbon steel pipes for their expensive costs, high performance and commonness, the experimental is to take 5 water samples classified as the LSI values after the adjustment in of pH, Total dissolved solids and temperature which are -0.2, -
0.5, -1, -3, and -5 and the each sample of carbon and ductile are submerged in a
sample of water separately in a water basin (e.g. sample 1 of ductile iron and
sample 1 of carbon steel, submerged separately in water sample of LSI= -0.2). And this period repeated every week after checking the weight loss of ductile and carbon samples and checking the water characteristics according to the LSI value along with the experimental duration which are eight weeks And then the accumulative weight loss can be found for each five sample of carbon steel and ductile iron to show up the effect of LSI value against the pipe samples in mg/l
from then the calculation of the accumulative weight loss that based on LSI that found get the equation curve of pipeline age, periodic maintenance and time of replacement.
In addition to monitoring the deterioration percentage of pipelines type (coefficient of weight loss) of pipelines between ductile iron and carbon steel which are 0.50% for the ductile which can make 4.5 kg as an annual loss per ton and 0.48% for carbon steel that also can make 4.3 kg as an annual loss per ton under the effect of water that has a characteristic of LSI = -5 .