الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 196 |  |  |
| | | from | 196 | | |
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing trend toward manufacturing and utilization of nanoparticles due to their unique and desirable physical and electrochemical characteristics. silver nanoparticles are of major interest these days due to their antimicrobial activities .silver nanoparticles have entered into the composition of many products such as textiles, wound dressings, detergents, medical devices, and many more applications. Due to their widespread in our daily life, their effect on us and other organisms should be considered. There are many different routes by which silver nanoparticles can enter our bodies (ingestion with food and drinks, Inhalation, via the skin, or even through injection). there are many in vitro and in Vivo studies that examined the toxicity of this kind of nanoparticles, but their effect on heart and spleen tissue is still not understood well. Curcumin is one of the most common herbs that we consume largely in our food recipes, and it is well known for its antioxidant properties. Curcumin nanoparticles are more effective than bulk curcumin as they have better solubility in water. In this study, we studied the possible ameliorative and protective role of curcumin nanoparticles on the potential toxic effect of silver nanoparticles on the heart and spleen of male albino rats. 3.1.1. Experimental animals: The experiment was performed on 50 male albino rats (Rattus norvigicus) weighing 150 g (±10) and of 9-10 weeks’ age. They were obtained from the animal house of the National Research Center (Dokki, Giza, Egypt). The rats were housed in suitable plastic cages for one week before the experimental work for acclimation with the new room conditions and maintained on a standard rodent diet composed of 20% casein, 15% corn oil, 55% corn starch, 5% salt mixture, and 5% vitaminized starch (Egyptian Company of Oils and Soap, Kafr Elzayat, Egypt) and water available ad libitum. The temperature in the animal room was maintained at 23±2°C with a relative humidity of 55±5%. The light was on a 12:12 Gram light-dark cycle. During the experiment, animal behavior was noticed and body weight at the beginning and the end of the experiment were measured. Animal maintenance and treatments were conducted in accordance with the Faculty of Science, Tanta University guide for the animal, as approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee ((IACUC-SCI-TU-0153). 3.1.2. Experimental groups: The rats were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups (10 rats each): group 1: a control group that included rats that did not receive any treatment during the experimental period. group 2: (Cur NPs group) involved rats that received (oral gavages) only Cur NPs (15 mg/kg BW; >100 nm) for 14 days. group 3: (AgNPs group) rats were injected intraperitoneally with AgNPs (50 mg/kg BW; 45± 5) for 6 weeks. group 4: (Cur NPs + AgNPs) pre-treated AgNPs with Cur NPs; rats were treated with Cur NPs (15 mg/kg BW; >100 nm) for 2 weeks and then injected intraperitoneally with AgNPs (50 mg/kg BW; 45± 5) for 6 weeks. group 5: (AgNPs+ Cur NPs) post-treated AgNPs with Cur NPs; rats were injected intraperitoneally with AgNPs (50 mg/kg BW; 45± 5) for 6 weeks, and then treated with Cur NPs (15 mg/kg BW; >100 nm) for another 2 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rats fasted overnight. Rats from each group were euthanized by diethyl ether for complete dissection. ➢Blood and serum samples : Blood samples were individually collected from the inferior vena cava of each rat in heparinized glass tubes : • The serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. The collected serum was kept in clean stopper glass vials and stored at -18° C until analysis for estimation of blood parameters (CK-Mb, CPK, myoglobin, lipid profile, serum aspartate aminotransferase and, alkaline phosphatase). • Tissue samples: After scarification of rats, the heart and spleen from different groups under study were prepared for histological and immunohistochemical investigations. The results of the present study were statistically analyzed and can be summarized as follows: Silver nanoparticles stimulate high levels of heart enzymes in heart tissue. Besides, AST and ALP values were supported with an increase in lipid profile levels, biochemical indicators of heart damage, and pathological changes, H&E, P53, and PACNA’s conclusion. Samples from the spleen and heart tissues from the different groups were separated and frozen for DNA damage examination. In the current study, CK-MB, CPK, and Myoglobin levels in the pretreated and the post-treated groups (G4& G5) showed a significant decrease when compared with the silver nanoparticles group (G3). - Also, in the same line with earlier results; there was a significant increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, AST, and ALP levels in the silver nanoparticles group (G3). On the other side, treatment with curcumin nanoparticles showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, AST, and ALP. - In this work, the pathological lesions in the myocardium were detected in cardiac tissues in the silver nanoparticles rat group (G3) silver nanoparticles induced severe degenerative damage on the myocardium which was confirmed by the histopathological lesions and immunohistochemical staining of P53 and PCNA expression and comet assay. Also, in the same line with earlier results; the pathological lesions in the spleen tissue were detected in the silver nanoparticles rat group (G3) silver nanoparticles induced severe degenerative damage on the tissue of the white bulb of the spleen which was confirmed by the histopathological lesions and immunohistochemical staining of P53 and PCNA expression and comet assay. The histopathological results were supported by the DNA damage examination, which revealed that there was significant damage in the DNA of both and spleen tissues of the rats in the silver nanoparticles group, this damage was less in both pre-and post-treated groups.