الفهرس 
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Abstract
The main objective of this study is to obtain the optimal alternatives for
exploitation of phosphate ore We try to find the optimum distribution of phosphate ore extracted from El-Nasr mining company phosphate mines located in Aswan Egypt Phosphate ore can be extracted and dressed to be sold as a final product on the other hand phosphate ore can be manufactured to fertilizers as single superphosphate (SSP) or tricalcium phosphate (TCP) The optimization is carried out to maximize the profit per ton of phosphate under constrains like market cost and profit A linear programming model was adopted using Excel Software and Solver implementation to solve the problem The model was applied depending on the selling price as a determinant of the objective function and it was re-applied again based on profit The constraints in the model are demand gap quantities and nonnegativity constraints The demand gap of phosphate ores and phosphatic fertilizers in Egypt must be estimated to determine the need of exploring new phosphate mines or building new phosphatic fertilizers factories The ordinary least squares (OLS) method was used to make a forecast of both phosphate ore and phosphatic fertilizers in Egypt for the next ten years It was concluded that for phosphate ore there will be a big gap reaches about 65% of the current supply in the first year only (2019) This percentage increases over the time that enables us to explore new mines for the local and foreign demand for phosphatic fertilizers it was found that there will be also a moderate gap up to 13 million ton, which enables establishing new factories that can cover both local and foreign demand Optimization model based on selling price as a control factor was applied to
three phosphate mines named Salamh Hegara and Badr The model resulted that a specified quantity of phosphate ore with grade 30% P2O5 is obtained by mixing 92.6% of the quantity from Salamh mine and 7.4 % from Badr mine for the grade 28% P2O5, the required quantity is obtained by blending 11.8% of the quantity from Salamh mine 54.9% from Hegara mine and 33.3% from Badr mine the same mines were optimized in another way taking profit in the objective function of the blending process the obtained results gave different blending percentages with the two options there is a big difference in the gained profit up to 18 million dollars when the selling price option was applied as a control factor on the other hand seven phosphate stockpiles belong to Nasr Mining Company in the Hamrawein area Red Sea were optimized using selling price and profit in the objective function the difference was about 360 thousand dollars between the two ways In case of using selling price in the objective function the results were summarized for some assays as follows to obtain phosphate grade of 31%P2O5, 90% of the quantity should be taken from stockpile No.1 and 10% from stockpile No.2. A required quantity of phosphate ore with grade of 27% P2O5 is obtained by mixing 46.5% of the quantity from stockpile No.4, 40% from stockpile No.5, 9.5% from stockpile No.6and 4% from stockpile No.7 To obtain a phosphate grade of 22% P2O5, 37.5% of the required quantity should be taken from stockpile No.4 and 62.5% from stockpile No.7 on the other hand when the objective function is based on profit the percentages of blending for some grades were as follows for phosphate grade 31% P2O5, 90% of the quantity should be taken from stockpile No.1 and 10% from stockpile No.2 A required quantity of phosphate ore with grade 27% P2O5 is obtained by mixing 52.5% of the quantity from stockpile No.4, 40% from stockpile No.5 and 7.5% from stockpile No.7 to obtain a phosphate grade of 22% P2O5, 27.6% of the required quantity should be taken from stockpile No.4, 15.6% from stockpile No.6 and 56.8% from stockpile No.7 the linear programming model was applied to three mines to obtain the optimum solution for the distribution ratios of phosphate ore in the three mines if it is sold as raw (i.e. crushing and grinding only) or manufactured as phosphatic fertilizers, either as single superphosphate or tricalcium phosphate (SSP and TCP) the solver spread sheet program revealed that phosphate ore should be obtained by mixing of 87.57% from Badr mine and 12.43% from Salamh mine the ore required to manufacture of single superphosphate fertilizers should be obtained from Hegara mine while the ore required for tricalcium phosphate fertilizers should be taken from Salamh mine the results of the linear programming applied again to the stockpiles which were divided into high, medium and low-quality phosphate ore based on the percentage of phosphorous pentoxide After that the model was applied to obtain the optimal solution for the distribution ratios of phosphate ore exploitation alternatives the results were as follows; Tri-calcium phosphatic fertilizer is obtained by mixing of 25.9% from low, 42.6% from medium and 31.5% from high quality ore Single superphosphate should be completely obtained from high-quality phosphate ore the model recommended not to sell phosphate as a raw material.