الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the major cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability. Ever more people are dying of various cardiac problems including atherosclerosis,
myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, and restenosis.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in most industrialized nations and is of growing concern in developing countries.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), CAD will be one of the four leading causes of death in the world in 2030.
Nanotechnology can be defined as the science and engineering involved in the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices whose
smallest functional organization in at least one dimension is on the nanometer scale
(one-billionth of a meter). The prefix ”nano” derives from the Greek word for ”dwarf’. One nanometer (nm) is equal to one-billionth of a meter, or about the width of 6 carbon atoms or 10 water molecules.
Angiogenesis is the key process involved in normal development and wound repair and is motivated by different kinds of growth factors for instance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is crucial angiogenic growth factor through increasing vascular leak of both proteins and particulates or permeability.
Several methods of non-viral gene transfer have been utilized to deliver genes of interest to ischemic tissues for therapeutic angiogenesis. The genes encoding proteins that can stimulate angiogenic signal transduction have been administered by cationic polymers, lipids, liposomes, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, or even without any delivery vehicles.