الفهرس 
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Abstract
There is a growing consensus that insight in mental illness is a multidimensional concept defined as a patient’s degree of awareness of the illness, its social consequences, the need for treatment, the presence of symptoms and the attribution of symptoms to the disorder
Compared to schizophrenia, illness insight in bipolar disorder has been studied less intensively and the various studies had different results. Some studies demonstrated a clear relationship between neurocognitive performance and insight while others showed no relationship at all on similar measures .
Insight can be broadly classified into clinical and cognitive. The former is a simpler definition which empowers the clinician to understand whether a patient is aware of the symptoms. The latter refers to a higher and complex concept of metacognition, which deals with one’s ability to examine distorted cognitive views and revise them .
The clinical concept of insight is evaluated by a variety of scales which has been valuable for determining the presence of mental illness and its prognosis, as well as prescribing appropriate treatment and management. While the cognitive insight evaluated by the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) which was originally developed and validated for patients with schizophrenia, has been also validated in a sample of patients with bipolar disorders, reporting good psychometric properties.
Some of the evidence suggests that impaired insight is of clinical importance, as it has been linked to poorer global functioning, severity of psychopathology poorer functional outcome, reduced treatment compliance, poor prognosis, and higher risk of relapse, lower frontal and parietal gray matter volumes, involuntary hospitalizations, readmittance to hospitals, suicidal behavior and greater use of emergency services .
A rich literature indicated that unawareness of illness is associated with defects in cognitive functions such as attention, memory, language, executive functioning and social cognition
Our study found a significantly positive correlation between the self reflectiveness item of BCIS and verbal learning (logical memory test of WMS), executive functions (number of categories of WCST), conceptual ability (similarities test of WAIS) and verbal intelligence (vocabularies tests of WAIS) in bipolar disorder group of patients.
On the other hand, certainty item was not significantly correlated to any neurocognitive function test in the current study.
In addition, our results showed a significant positive correlation between self reflectiveness and verbal learning (associate learning and logical memory tests of WMS), attention and working memory ( digit span WAIS), processing speed( digit symbol WAIS), word fluency score of WFT, verbal intelligence (vocabularies of WAIS) in schizophrenia group of patients while certainty item was significantly and negatively correlated with executive functions (number of categories WCST) and verbal intelligence (vocabularies WAIS).