الفهرس 
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Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic health problem affecting all age groups, not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. It has long-term adverse effects on morbidity and mortality.
Obesity is a disease of complex, multiple causes leading to an imbalance between energy intake and output and to the accumulation of large amount of body fat. It is measured most often as excessive weight for a given height using body mass index (BMI).
Obesity can be classified in several ways according to: The age at onset of obesity, the anatomic characteristics of adipose tissue and etiologic factors.
The causes of obesity are multifactorial and range from purely genetic conditions, such as leptin deficiency, to entirely environmental conditions. It is however certain that, obesity can only occur when energy intake remains greater than energy expenditure for a long period of time. Thus, if either energy intake increases, or energy expenditure decreases or both, the individual will gain weight. Both energy intake and expenditure are affected by internal homeostatic mechanisms as will as external environmental factors.
A sedentary lifestyle plays a significant role in obesity. Worldwide there has been a large shift towards less physically demanding work ad currently at least 60% gets insufficient exercise.
Junk food is a slang word for food with limited nutritional value. Every person has his own list of food that he calls junk food. This junk food would include food that is high in salt, sugar, fat or calories and low nutrient content.
Salted snake food, candy, gum, most of sweet desserts, fried fast food and carbonated beverages are some of the major junk food. Generally they offer little protein, vitamins or minerals and lots of calories from sugar or fat. The term ”empty calories” reflects the lack of nutrients.
The adverse medical and psychosocial effects of obesity in children has been well-established. Childhood obesity is also associated with the development several risk factors for heart disease, including hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension, and other chronic diseases in adulthood. Finally, being overweight as a child increases the likelihood of being overweight as an adult.
This study was done in Kafr El-sheikh district in Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate in the northern region of El-Delta of Egypt. The population of Kafer El-sheikh Governorate is (3,362,185) according to 2017 census, the majority of the population living in Kafer El-sheikh district about (446,627), the majority living in rural areas. This district including Kafer El-sheikh town and (8) areas as an urban areas and (47) villages as a rural areas.
The current study was carried out on 3600 Egyptian students to measure the prevalence of obesity and overweight among the primary schools children their age ranged from 6 - 11 years living in Kafr El-Sheikh District, with variable socioeconomic standard.
The study was taken about four schools urban and rural areas including both males and females students carried out by a cross sectional descriptive epidemiological study. The study was carried out in October 2019 to July 2019.