الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
Crown fractures have been documented to account for up to 92% of all traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. Some fractures are minor; others are severe enough to result in the untimely loss of the tooth involved. The number and extent of the tissues involved in the traumatic injury determine the management needs. Damage restricted to the dental hard tissues is simpler to deal with than that associated with the inclusion of pulpal and/or periodontal tissue trauma.
I Invitro groups:
28 freshly extracted permanent incisors were collected having sound walls. Teeth were prepared to simulate fractured class IV using CNC machine. Teeth were divided into 2 groups according to type of restoration
group D: direct composite resin restoring enamel-dentine which involve mesial and or distal coronal angle and incisal edge
group I :indirect laminate veneer restoring enamel-dentine which involve mesial and or distal coronal angle and incisal edge
Composite layering technique was used for group D and Emax glass ceramic fabricated by CAD/CAM technology was used for laminate veneer fabrication.
Fracture resistance was measured using universal testing machine. Load was applied vertical on incisal edge until fracture. Data were collected and tabulated
II In vivo groups:
Total of 28 fractured central incisor were selected from pediatric dentistry and dental public health outpatient clinic, faculty of dentistry, Ain shams university.
Children were assigned into 2 groups:
group D: direct composite resin restoring enamel-dentine which involve mesial and or distal coronal angle and incisal edge
group I :indirect laminate veneer restoring enamel-dentine which involve mesial and or distal coronal angle and incisal edge
Color stability was assessed using spectrophotometer after 1 week, 6 months & 1 year
FDI was performed after 1 week, 6 months & 1 year
Child oral health impact profile was performed before and after treatment
Results of the present study shows no significant difference between direct composite and laminate veneer concerning fracture resistance and color stability.
Oral health impact profile shows the presence of negative impact of traumatic dental injuries on children.
Conclusions
Within the limitation of this study the following conclusions could be drawn:
1. Both direct composite resin restorations and indirect partial veneer show same fracture resistance results
2. Color stability for both restorations were within acceptable range.
3. Fractured anterior teeth had a negative impact on oral health well-being and socio-emotional well-being in pediatric patients.
4. Clinical evaluation for both restoration using the fdi criteria showed that the indirect veneer performs better in term of marginal staining and marginal adaptation.