الفهرس 
? charter (I) : Introduction& Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver. HCC is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of primary liver neoplasms representing one of the most common cancers and is responsible for up to 700,000 deaths annually worldwide generally leading to death within 6-20 months. Hepatocellular carcinoma frequently arises in the setting of cirrhosis, appearing 20-30 years following the initial insult to the liver.
In Egypt, (HCC) is the second most common cancer in men and the 6th most common cancer in women. HCC is one of the major health problems facing the health authorities. This could be due to HBV and HCV epidemic infections. Detection and characterization of all hepatic focal lesions are critical especially in patients with liver cirrhosis, as those patients are at high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma .
Hepatitis B is a potentially life –threatening liver infection and it is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infection with subsequent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
As well known, the complicated pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis is attributable to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis associated with HBV or HCV infection, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and aflatoxin B1 exposure.
Among all the contributory factors, the host genetic background appears to serve as a major determinant of the different outcomes of infection. Recent experimental result studies indicated that variants in some host genes as HLA(The human leukocyte antigen), were associated with persistent infection and natural clearance.
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is the first definitely identified genetic system showing a strong relationship to viral infection. HLA plays an important role on regulating the immune response to HBV infection and clinical outcomes. The HLA system is the name of the locus of genes that encodes the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans. This super-locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. HLA gene variations are strongly associated with not only HBV infection persistence or clearance but also disease progression and the development of liver cirrhosis and HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma .
HLA-DQ is a cell surface receptor protein found on antigen presenting cells.
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) indicated that the HLA-DQ polymorphism rs7453920 was significantly associated with chronic hepatitis B.
In the present study, we investigated a study to explore the role of a potential functional SNP of HLA-DQ and its interaction with the HCC-related HBV mutations in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
This study was conducted on a total number of 400 Egyptian patients from El-Sahel Teaching Hospital.
Patients of this study was subdivided as follows:-
group I: Included 100 healthy volunteers with matched age and sex served as control group.
group II: Included 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B viral infection without HCC and cirrhosis .
group III: Included 100 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with HBV positive.
group IV: Included 100 hepatic cirrhosis with HBV positive patients
All patients in group II & III were newly diagnosed and none had received any form of anti-cancer therapy before collection of blood samples for biochemical analysis. Diagnosis of HCC was confirmed by pathology (when ever possible),imaging (computer tomography and ultrasound).