الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: The different compartments of middle ear bear a high anatomical variability. The configuration as bridge variants and variably shaped sinus interconnects the different subregions. To address this, a straightforward classification of many anatomical variants, which may be used during intraoperative surgical assessment. The endoscopic access to these anatomical variants is suitable and offers thorough understanding and panoramic views of the deep and hidden structures. The Aim of this study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the rigid endoscope to put a spot light on the normal anatomical variations of the middle ear compartments. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 250 middle ears of 250 patients admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology department of at Mansoura University Hospital for otological problems. Intraoperative endoscopic ear examination using 4 mm diameter, 17 cm length endoscopes with angles of 0˚ and 30˚ for middle ear variations and percentage of each one and reporting the findings Results: A total of two hundred and fifty middle ears were examined and analyzed for different anatomical variations. Protympanum, hypotympanum and retrotympanum anatomical variations were well identified in all cases using transcanal endoscopic approach even cases had microscopic surgeries.