الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to detect κ-CN and β-LG genotypes in native populations of Egyptian buffalo using PCR-RFLP technique. Estimate of the population genetic parameters such as allelic and genotypic frequencies, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) of κ-CN and β-LG genes and linkage analysis between detected genotypes with milk production and components traits. A total of 340 records from 59 lactating buffaloes were used. Milk samples were analyzed by MilkoScan device. DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples of 80 animals using a commercial DNA purification kit. All studied populations were characterized as polymorphic animals for κ-CN gene with genotypes ”AA” and ”AB” by digesting with AcuI enzyme, while genotyped as ”BB” and ”AB” using HpyCH4IV enzyme and there was an indication of heterozygosity excess in Egyptian buffaloes with observed negative values of inbreeding within the populations (FIS). According to AcuI genotyping, ”A” allele was the predominance allele within all farm locations with values ranged from 0.52 to 0.62, while, ”A” and ”B” alleles showed an equal allelic frequency (0.5) in most farms according to HpyCH4IV genotyping. On the contrary, results of PCR-RFLP with HaeIII enzyme of β-LG gene revealed a monomorphic pattern and genotyped as ”AA” animals. Stepwise analysis results suggested that AcuI genotypes were significantly linked to most studied traits such as, TMY, FAT%, TS%, Ash%, and Humidity%. Least-square means for studied traits showed that, heterozygous animals could be considered the most superior individuals
producing better milk with distinct FAT%, TS%, SNF%, and Ash% traits.