الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dissertation abstract: Recently, great attention has been focused on the development of new topical drug delivery systems for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Nanovesicles, especially their elastic types, are one of the recent technologies designed to overcome challenges that face the manufacture of conventional drug delivery systems such as the low solubility and low bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. In addition, they have the ability to provide sustained drug release and consequently more drug localization at the site of action. The objectives of the present study were to prepare elastic nanovesicle formulations including: Firstly: FLT-loaded transfersomal nanovesicles in order to overcome its poor aqueous solubility. Secondly: Spanlastic nanovesicles containing CAF in order to increase its retention in the skin. To fulfill these goals, this thesis comprises the following two parts: Part I: Formulation and Evaluation of Flutamide-Loaded Transfersomes. The aim of the work in this part was to prepare FLT-loaded formulations to be used topically for the treatment of androgenic alopecia in order to avoid the possible side effects usually associated with its oral administration; transfersomes were used to overcome the low aqueous solubility of FLT and to provide both sustained drug release and better drug penetration in the skin due to their elasticity. This part was divided into two chapters. Chapter I: Formulation and characterization of Flutamide-Loaded Transfersomes. This chapter dealt with the formulation and characterization of Flutamide-loaded transfersomes using egg lecithin with either Span 80 or Tween 80 as edge activator in order to choose the optimum formula. Chapter II: In Vivo Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Optimized Flutamide-Loaded Transfersomes in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia. The aim of the work in this chapter was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of FLT in the treatment of androgenic alopecia when administered topically in the form of transfersomal gel, and to compare this effect with that of FLT hydroalcoholic gel. Part II: Formulation and Evaluation of Caffeine-Loaded Spanlastics. The aim of the work in this part was to prepare topical pharmaceutical preparation of CAF in order to achieve deep skin penetration and to enhance its retention in the skin by developing a sustained release formulation. Hence, the work in this part was divided into two chapters: Chapter I: Formulation and characterization of Caffeine-Loaded Spanlastic Nanovesicles. This chapter dealt with the formulation, preparation and characterization of Caffeine-loaded spanlastics using Span 60 with either Tween 80, Tween 60 or Tween 20 as edge activator in order to choose the optimum formula. Chapter II: Ex Vivo skin permeation and Stability Study on the Optimized Caffeine-Loaded spanlastic formulation. The aim of the work in this chapter was to further characterize the optimized CAF-loaded spanlastic formulation through ex vivo skin permeation study, confocal laser scanning microscopy, chemical and physical stability study.