الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nucleus-nucleus scattering has become an extremely interesting and fruitful field of nuclear research. In the recent decades, a significant progress has been made in our understanding of the optical potential that describes the elastic scattering of two nuclei, especially through studies of elastic scattering of certain combinations of light heavy-ions, for which the absorption is relatively weak and refractive effects appear. Similar to the atmospheric rainbow, nuclei often behave as spherical drops of nuclear fluid, and nuclei could exhibit some aspects of rainbow scattering, which is due to the refraction of the incident wave by a strongly attractive nucleus-nucleus potential. In rainbow scattering the projectile nucleus penetrate the target, which act as a transparent medium, and elastically scattered without being absorbed. Therefore, rainbow scattering can provide us with information about nucleus-nucleus interaction.