الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract INTRODUCTION Wheat is considered one of the most important cereal crop in Egypt and all over the world. As it contain calories, several proteins necessary for the human body. It also contains several mineral and vitamins. Unfortunately, in Egypt 35 % of whole wheat consumption is imported. The latest statistics showed that the cultivated area is about 3,000,000 Feddans with a total production of 8.757 million tons (Agricultural Economic and Statistics Department, Ministry of Agricultural, 2017). Therefore, attention has been given to wheat to improve both productivity and quality. Production can be raised by increasing the cultivated area through reclaiming land and cultivating it (horizontal increase) or through increasing the Feddans production (vertical increase). One of the most important qualities which interests, farmers is to cultivate new varieties which are able to resist diseases especially rusts (particularly Puccinia striiformis, McIntosh, 1992; Singh et al., 1993; Bai and Knott, 1994 and Singh et al., 1995), smuts (especially bunt, Tillia indica), powdery mildow (Erysiphe graminis), Robe and Doussinault, 1995) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) or tolerate draught, cold, soil acidity, (Camargo et al., 1995), salt, (Jana et al., 1993) and resistance to aphids, (Simon and Hebert, 1995); low input and cultural requirements |