الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and the most frequent type of liver cancer that accounts for 85% of primary liver cancers. Liver cancer is considered as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. HCC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage leading to limited options for therapy and poor prognosis.
The diagnosis of HCC cases is based mainly on alpha fetoprotein (AFP), the conventional marker in HCC. However, for detecting HCC in early stage, the sensitivity of AFP was poor. There is a very real need for identifying new markers for early diagnosis of HCC.
The aim of this study was to find out the differential serum levels of apolipoproteins A1 and A4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cases of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis without HCC and to compare Apo A1 and Apo A4 levels with alpha fetoprotein (AFP), the conventional marker in HCC, and to examine their utility as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC.
This study was conducted over the period from February 2019 to December 2019 and its protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Menoufia
University. The study was conducted on 90 subjects, 70 patients selected from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University. They were
classified into 4 groups, group 1 (HCC group) (n=24), group 2 (Chronic hepatitis) (n=24), group 3 (Liver cirrhosis) (n=22) and group 4 (Control group) (n=20). All individuals were subjected to the followings: full history taking, clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations: complete blood count (CBC), kidney function tests (serum creatinine), liver function tests (serum bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and serum albumin), HCV and HBV serology and serum AFP and Radiological investigations: Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for hepatic patients.