الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may precede motor symptoms by decades; including behavioral, neuropsychiatric changes, autonomic nervous system failure, sensory and sleep disturbances. Non-motor features can represent some of the greatest challenges to quality of life, as they usually do not respond to dopaminergic treatment. Some PD patients may report these non-motor symptoms during the disease course. Psychosis and dementia as a non-motor symptoms (NMS) are associated with impaired function. Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A six-fold increased risk for developing dementia accompanies PD Patients with older age those with age beyond 60 years at disease onset, long duration and increased severity of the disease are risk factors for development of dementia in PD.Parkinson’s disease dementia is usually subcortical with altered personality, psychomotor retardation, and memory problems. The current study investigated cognition in fifty Parkinson’s disease patients (PD) with cognitive impairment in comparison to twenty Parkinson’s disease patients without cognitive impairment. Entire enrolled patients (PD) were diagnosed according to UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank clinical diagnostic criteria. Disease Severity was assessed using Modified Hoehn &Yahr Scale and by Unified Parkinson disease rating scale. Cognitive function was assessed with MMSE and MOCA. The neuropsychological test included measures the global cognitive abilities, memory, orientation, attention, excutive functions, language, visuospatial ability and studying the correlation between white matter changes and cognitive functions. We found that PD patients with cognitive impairment achieve higher scores on MMSE and MoCA. Cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson disease patients (PD) include executive dysfunction, visuoperceptual/visuospatial tasks and impairments in both immediate and delayed story recall.