الفهرس 
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Abstract
Klebsiella is one of the important bacteria that causes diseases in camels and human .This study included 44 Klebsiella strains were recoverd from 150 camels with an overall incidence 29.3% .The sample were collected from slaughtered house in El-qaliyobia and El-Monofia governorates. The biochemical identification reavealed that 12 isolates were K.pneumoniae, 26 K.oxytoca, 6 K.rhinoscleromatis. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method indicated that the most effective antibiotic were Meropenem 95.4% followed by imipenen 81.8% and cefatizidime 54.5%. To test the virulence of the microbes many test were applied like Congo red binding assay.The mannose resistant haemagglutination pattern against red blood cells of cows, sheep, horse and human, the ability of the strain to produce enterotoxin and cytotoxicity of strains to Vero cells .12 strain of K.pneumonia and 12 strain of Klebsiella oxytoca ,6 strains K.rhinoscleromatis screened via PCR for four virulence genes encoding (fimH ,traT,iutA ,magA). All the strains were positive to fimH and traT while one strain K.oxytoca not harbor iutA and all isolates don’t possess magA. Fifteen culturally positive Klebsiella strains (5 K.pneumoniae , 5 K .oxytoca and 5 K.rhinoscleromatis ) were confirmed to be Klebsiella by PCR using genus specific primer gyrA , All 15 strains were Klebsiella isolates. To differentiate between the type of Klebsiella and the emphasis on the biochemical tests using the polymerase chain reaction test, the following genes were used 16S-23S ITS , pehX and phoE for K.pneumoniae ,K .oxytoca and K. rhinoscleromatis respectively.