الفهرس 
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Abstract
Theileriasis is a progressive bovine disease caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria spp., transmitted by the tick vector, Hyalomma spp. and it consider one of the main problems for cattle herd industry development in Egypt especially New Valley province which characterized by dry and hot weather wherein high tick activity present.
The present study was conducted for a period of one year extending from April 2018 to March 2019 which aimed to study some epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic state of tropical theileriosis.
A total of 414 cattle of different ages, sexes and breeds from different localities were examined clinically, blood film examination in addition to identification of ticks collected from animals.
The result of tick infestation on cattle showed that, the prevalence of infection was 160 out of 414 examined samples (28%) were positive for tick infestation.
Seasonally the highest prevalence of recorded in summer months (53.85%), followed by autumn (33%), then spring (29.2%) and the lowest rate was in winter (4 %).
According to age the highest prevalence of tick infestation was in age group1 (1day – 2years) 18.5 %, followed by group 2 (>2 years) 36.3%.
And according to sex the higher prevalence recorded in female (32%) than in male (17.5%).
According to Predilection site of tick infestation, tick samples were collected from infested cattle in different farms. The localization of ticks differed according to the prevalence of Theileria spp. in relation to season
In winter and spring, the Theileria infection was low and the tick localization on animals was as follow:
(On dewlap - On inner skin of the ear - On Perineal region - On the tail - On scrotum of male and On teat and udder of female).
In summer and autumn, where the highest prevalence of Theileria infection was recorded, the ticks spread all over the skin diffusely beside the other mentioned places.
Only one tick species was identified during the present study Hyalommaanatolicum.
According to characterization of the tick species, all the ticks examined were hard ticks belong to genus Hyalomma, species Hyalomma anatolicum. Which were as follow asmacroscopic appearance.
Size of ticks is large and the integument texture has striations, Scutum is present in the female, and conscutum is present in the male which are colored brown.
Microscopically, Mouthparts are anterior and Palp articles 2 are longer than articles 1 and 3, basis capituli has medium angular lateral marginseyes are always very convex,legs are slender; usually have pale rings. Pulvilli are always present,ventral plates are present in males only (usually three distinct pairs) and anal groove is posterior to the anus,festoons are present in males and in females but unclear when females are fed, coxae 1 have large and equal paired spurs.
The result blood film examination of cattle revealed that, the prevalence of infection was 160 out of 414 examined samples (38.65%) were positive for the piroplasmic form (intra erythrocytic stage) of Theileria spp. infection,
Seasonally the highest prevalence of infection recorded in summer months (58.97%), followed by autumn (57%), then spring (41.66%) and the lowest rate was in winter (21.57 %).
According to age the highest prevalence of infection was in age group1 (1day – 2years) 40.91 %, followed by group 2 (>2 years) 36.8%.
According to sex the higher prevalence recorded in female (40.66%) than in male (33.33%).
According to degree of parasitimia in blood films, parasitemia was categorized regarding its degree of infection into (5) divisions:
Out of 160 infected animals, 90 (56.25%) of cattle were infected with the first degree of infection (1 - 2 %), (> 2 - 5 %) were present in 28(17.5%) of infected cattle, (> 3 - 5 %) and (> 10 - 15 %) recorded in 10 (6.25%) of infected cattle, a total of 34 (27.5%) of infected cattle have been infected with the last degree of infection (> 15 %).
According to acaricides efficacy on adult ticks, results of disposable pipette method, for all adult tick, revealed their susceptibility onlyto Cyfluthrin but the Deltamethrin and Malathion have 2nd level of resistance forHyalomma Ticks.