الفهرس 
Acknowledgement
Esterification of Acetic acid with Cinnamyl alcoholOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
The main goal of this study was devoted to find an active, eco-friendly and lowcost
catalyst able to efficiently esterify acetic acid with n-butyl, iso-amyl, benzyl and
cinnamyl alcohols at low temperatures with100% selectivities.
Natural silica was provided from the western dessert of Egypt. The obtained
solid was sieved to 0. 25mm, and finally calcined at 200-600°C in a muffle furnace in
static air atmosphere for 3h.
The catalysts were characterized by (TG & DTA) , XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM and
acidity. The results of catalytic activity indicated that natural silica calcined at 200°C
is an active and selective catalyst towards the esterification of acetic acid with n-butyl,
iso-amyl, benzyl and cinnamyl alcohols. In addition, the different factors that affect
the catalytic activity were studied. These factors are, reflux time, molar ratio, reaction
temperature, calcination temperature, and recycling of catalysts. The maximum yields
from the reaction mixture (batch method) of n-butyl, iso-amyl, benzyl and cinnamyl
acetates were 86, 80, 81 and 83% respectively, with selectivity of 100%. In addition,
the maximum yields after simple distillation of n-bulyl, iso-amyl, benzyl and
cinnamyl esters were 99.5%, 98.0%, 97.0 and 90.0%, respectively. Finally, results of
recycling indicated that, natural silica is reusable catalyst where only slightly decrease
in the conversion was observed after four cycles of using