الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This experiment was carried out at Experiment Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, and in Cell Research Department laboratories, Field crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center under the supervision of the Dept. of Genetics, Fac. Agric., Damietta University, during three summer seasons elapsed from 2015-2017. In May 2015 growing season, the twelve parental inbred lines were planted to estimate the flowering traits (days to tassling-days to silking- days to anthesis - anthesis-silking interval). In addition, the genetic distance between the twelve inbred lines was estimated using RAPD and ISSR. According to the previous assessment of genetic distance and flowering traits parents were chosen (that had the highest genetic distance and synchronous in flowering) to be crossed which were (B73, R 39, Sids 34, G 507A and Inb 209). In the summer season of 2016, the single cross hybrids were generated by reciprocal crossing between B73 and each of R 39, Sids 34, G 507A and Inb 209 giving a total of 8 F1 hybrid seeds. In 23rd May of 2017, 16 entries (8 F1 along their 5 parental inbred lines plus 3 checks; (S.C. cross 162, S.C. 168 and Pioneer S.C. 3084) were grown to evaluate and compare flowering, vegetative, yield components and grain quality traits.
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
1. There are differences when a parent is used as male or female in the crosses in question, hence we could rely on reciprocal effect to induce variation as it contribute to the total variations in flowering, vegetative, yield, yield components and quality traits in maize.
2. The superior reciprocal crosses P1xP5 and P5xP1 could be exploited further in breeding programs for producing early maturing hybrids.
3. The superior cross P1xP4 for grain yield and oil content could be exploited further in breeding programs for improving such important quantitative traits.
4. The superior hybrid P5xP1 for protein content could be exploited further in breeding programs for producing quality protein maize.
5. The B73 and G507A maximized the expression of heterosis in their cross combination (P1xP4), hence this cross could be used further in heterosis breeding.
6. RAPD technique was better than ISSR in evaluating molecular diversity, discriminating capacity and in showing unique markers that may be associated with desirable performance in some of the studied traits of maize.