الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 270 |  |  |
| | | from | 270 | | |
Abstract
In the present study, 12 taxa of Umbelliferae Juss. (Apiaceae Lindl.) were investigated representing 12 genera and 12 species. All investigated taxa were collected from the Egyptian habitats. Floristic and ecological features of the communities dominated by 12 taxa of Apiaceae were investigated. The morphological characters of the whole plant, lamina epidermal characteristics (LM & SEM), lamina and stem anatomy and pollen characters, as well as molecular data (ISSR-PCR) of 12 taxa of the Apiaceae were investigated. The morphological, anatomical and molecular criteria and their states (369 attributes) were numerically analyzed. The obtained observation led to various conclusions of taxonomic importance, which could be summarized as follows:Section A: Morphological characters : 1. Whole Plant Duration: perennials or annuals or biennials. Nature: herb or shrublet. Length: varied between tall or medium. Texture: glabrous, glabrous – bristly or hirtellous, pubescent and hairy. Leaf composition: compound. Shape of blade: oblong, lobed, oblong-ovate, deltoid, triangular ovate and oblong-lanceolate. Margin of blade: serrate, entire, crenate-incised, lobed or incised and dentate. Infloresence: compound umbel in all types. Number of flowers / Inflorescence: Few or many. Length: short or long. Bracts: present or absent. Calyx: absent or presence in minute. Corolla color: cream or white, yellow, white, pink, pink or yellowish white, yellowish white or yellow, white or pink. Petal shape: obovate, ovate, obovate to orbicular and slightly radiate. Petal apex: obtuse inflexed, inflexed, notched with acute inflexed, acute, notched, notched inflexed and acute inflexed. Androecium fertility: five fertile stamens. Attachment: dorsifixed or basifixed. Ovary: inferior. Fruit: dry, schizocarp. Texture: glabrous or prickly. Fruit shape: ovoid – oblong, ellipsoid ovoid, ovoid or spheroid ellipsoid, spheroid, winged and ovate or elliptic. 2. Lamina Epidermal characteristics (Abaxial epidermis) (LM & SEM). Cell shape: quadrangular, polygonal and irregular. Anticlinal wall: straight, sinuous, slightly curved. Stomata type: paracytic & anisocytic, diacytic, diacytic & anisocytic, anisocytic & anomotetracytic and diacytic & anomotetracytic. Shape: oblong-elliptic. Sculpture: ocellate, glebulate, scalariform, ruminate, ruguose and foveolate. Anticlinal wall width: wide or narrow Elevation: raised in all. Texture: smooth, striate or granular. Periclinal wall elevation: depressed in all. Texture: smooth, striate or granular. 3. Pollen characters (LM & SEM). This study confirms minor differences in pollen size, shape, aperture.Pollen class: perprolate or prolate. Sculpture: regulate or striate. 4- Stem Anatomy. Outline: angled or terete. Trichomes: absent or presence (egland or gland). Cuticle: thick or thin. Epidermal cells: tangentially-radially or tangentially. Cortex: complex of four types of tissues, collenchymas, parenchyma, chlorenchyma and sclerenchyma. Pith: wide or solid of thin or thick parenchyma cells. Internal appearance: hollow or solid. Aspect of vascular bundles: distinct or siphonostelic. 5- Lamina Anatomy. Outline: raised adaxially, cordate, cordate optimized or flattened adaxially. Trichomes: absent or presence (gland or glandular). Cuticle: thick in all taxa. Epidermal cells: tangentially-radially or tangentially with collenchymas and parenchyma cells. Mesophyll tissue: Type: iso-lateral, dorsiventral or iso-bilateral. Vascular system: Outline: ring or crescentiform. Crystals: absent or present (raphides). Section B: Molecular characters:1- ISSR Diversity Analysis. The present investigation was conducted to develop molecular genetic fingerprints for the studied taxa to elucidate relationships among these samples. Extracted DNA from fresh leaf samples was used to identify the molecular fingerprints. Ten ISSR primers were used. The ten primers were successfully generated reproducible polymorphic products. The fingerprints were generated by these primers revealed characteristic profiles for each taxon, in terms of number and position of ISSR bands. The results revealed that both the number and size of the amplified products varied considerably with the different primers. The primers were 14A, 44A, 44B, 49A, 89A, HB-09, HB-11, HB12, HB-13 and HB-15. Section C: Numerical Analysis. The data obtained from the morphological and molecular attributes (369) of the investigated taxa were subjected to the numerical analysis to produce the dendrogram and comparing it with the current systems of taxonomic classification. The results illustrated that the investigated taxa were split into six groups, three clusters and two series. Section D: Floristic and Ecological Features. Floristic Features. The species which recorded in the communities dominated by studied Apiaceae taxa varied as the following: Life span: annuals, perennials and biennials. Life form: therophytes (54.26%), followed by hemicryptophytes (21.28%), then cryptophytes (10.64%) and chamaephytes (9.57%) and the lowest value of life-forms was recorded as phanerophytes which attained value of 4.26%. Floristic category: the majority of the recorded species were Mediterranean taxa (60.64% of the total number of species). These taxa were either Pluriregional (20 species = 21.28%), Biregional (22 species = 23.40%) or Monoregional (15 species = 15.96%), Irano-Turaninan (32 species = 34.04%), Saharo-Sindian (28 species = 29.79%), Euro-Siberian (16 species = 17.02%), Cosmopolitan (11 species = 11.70%), Pantropical (5 species = 5.32%) and Palaeotropical (4 species = 4.26%). The application of TWINSPAN classification based on the importance values of 94 species recorded in 11 sampled stands in the study area led to the recognition of three vegetation groups, labeled A, B and C. The vegetation groups were named according to the dominant species with the highest importance value in each group as follow: group A: Carum carvi L., group B: Salsola kali L., group C: Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Results of CCA-biplot of the species and edaphic variables indicated that soil factors especially calcium, saturation capacity, soil porosity, pH, sulphates, organic carbon, carbonates and electrical conductivity were the most effective soil variables, which have high significant correlations with the first and second axes.