الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE SHOULDER JOINTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Shoulder pain is the third most frequent cause for MSK consultation in primary care. It may be caused by multiple intra and extra articular pathology. ACJ pathology is a very common component of shoulder pain.
Pathologies found in the ACJ in the patients with shoulder pain include mainly osteoarthritis with its different degrees and the associated pathalogical conditions such as subacromial impingement and supra spinatus muscle tear.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) played an important role as a non-invasive investigation due to its non-invasive nature, high degree of resolution, lack of contrast exposure and non-ionizing radiation, multiplanar capability, and excellent soft tissue resolution.
That’s why MRI is the preferred test for evaluating the acromio clavicular joint and the associated pathological condition, a normal MRI greatly reduces the chances of a rotator cuff tear.
We assessed ACJ for space width, articulating bony surfaces, status of capsule, joint effusion, cyst and if the pathologic findings of joint causing impingement or not.
We concluded that ACJ OA commonly seen among female patients more than male patients.
Mild form of ACJ OA was encountered more often among younger age groups and advanced form among older age group with significant difference in terms of age( P value = 0.016).
Osteoarthritis of acromio clavicular joint is a common occurrence, many of these patients had tear of supraspinatus tendon along with osteoarthritis
Moderate to advanced forms of osteoarthrtits are significantly associated with partial thickness supra spinatus muscle tear (P-value 0.023 ) and significantly associated with full thickness muscle tear (P-value0.012)
The acromion part of the scapula and its morphology is also a part of the acromioclavicular joint and may be resulting in a variety of shoulder disorders such as rotator cuff pathology.
Type-II acromial shape is the most common type and it was countered in near equally in both males and females and type IV is the least frequent type and seen more among females, although there is no significant difference in age and sex (P > 0.2). There is a significant correlation of type-III and IV acromial shape with the occurance of supraspinatus muscle partial and full thickness tear(P = 0.013 for partial thickness tear and 0.014 for full thickness tear ).
There is statistical significant correlation found between ACJ osteoarthritis and type III & IV acromion types (p = 0.021 ).
The acromial measurements of the AI and the LAA determine the shape of the acromion, which may represent a useful marker to find an association with RCT.
We found that all these acromial measurements, including acromion thickness, AHD, AI and LAA, were significantly in type-III acromion shape.
We have concluded that MRI can provide direct visualization and standard characterization of ACJ and its relation to other structures of the shoulder joint.