الفهرس 
General IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this work we have been successfully prepared ZnO rod arrays by low cost methods (hydrothermal …and CBD ) employing different growth temperature. ZnO rod arrays have been also successfully prepared by electrodeposition. The results indicate the formation of ZnO rod arrays in hexagonal wurtzite structure. The sample with growth temperature of 90 ℃ for CBD is the suitable one to fabricate solar cells. The sample with growth temperature of 130℃ for hydrothermal . is the suitable one to fabricate solar cells. ZnO nanorods prepared by electrode position have smallest average diameter and low rate recombination and therefore suitable to fabricate solar cells. ZnO nanorods deposited on FTO substrate better than deposition on ITO substrate from where degree of crystallization and the size of rods and absorption and crystalline defects so preferred deposited on FTO substrate in solar cell applications. TiO2 nanocrystals have been successfully prepared using a low cost novel technique . Annealing of TiO2 at 500 ℃ lead to a significant changes in the structural and optical properties of the material. The sample annealed at 500 C shows a better crystallinity, continues film formation, large grain size, low defects, and low recombination rate which is the suitable for solar cells fabrication.