الفهرس 
Chapter 1 Introduction and Literature SurveyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 104 |  |  |
| | | from | 104 | | |
Abstract
This thesis discusses a trial for overcoming drawbacks that faces oral insulin drug hormone in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where it is subject to enzymatic degradation and also prone to chemical degradation by the acidic environment in stomach, by develop a nanoparticulate composite system of two oppositely charged polymers (Chitosan and Gum Arabic) which were prepared in equal mass fraction(50/50) wt% using 0.02% aqueous acidic solution of acetic acid and distilled water respectively as a solvent.Composite constitutes can interact with each other by intermolecular electrostatic interaction, forming polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) and pre-calculated different human insulin drug concentration (100, 150, 200 and 250) IU were added to the partial solution to obtain modified blend.Different technique have been employed for this study including x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscope (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and swilling degree (solubility test). (XRD) reveals the amorphous nature of both chitosan and gum Arabic and blend which approving the complexation process between the two studied materials. the amorphous nature of CS/GA polymeric matrix without any evidence for crystallization presence of phase separation due to blending process, in addition it was observed that formed blend is homogeneous which approving complexation process between the two studied materials. FTIR absorption spectra reveals that the intensity of some peaks was changed such as the peaks at 1414, 1567 and 660cm-1, this result confirms the good miscibility between prepared composite with different concentration and the blend films.UV-Vis analysis revealed that the values of the optical energy gap are decrease with increasing insulin concentration this indicates that there is a charge transfer s arises between the polymer blend and INSCNTs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the obtained polymer is homogeneous. and the most important characterization technique for these studies is swelling rate or solubility test where samples measured versus pH for studied polymeric membranes to measure the hydrophilicity or ability to absorb moistures usually performed through immersion of kwon weight sample for a definite time interval (usually 24 h) in a well-known pH buffered solution extending between pH4-pH9 at a fixed step. Results reveals higher swelling ratios in the range of pH 4-5 and with decreasing order until nearly stabilized at pH7 till the end of measurement pH 9.Obtained results confirm and support the possibility of application of such composite structure both as oral or venue drug as the pH lies between (6.5-7.5) as well known that pH gradually increases in the small intestine from pH 6 to about pH 7.4 in the terminal ileum at which food can be absorbed.