الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Various types of earth retaining structures have been used successfully in modern transportation systems to solve traffic congestion problems. Several retaining wall types are suitable in fill situations while others are convenient to supporting cut. Hybrid earth retaining structures is considered the most innovative and economical solution in cut/fill situations. This means using cut wall type in the lower portion of the wall and using fill wall type in the upper portion of the wall. This system allows for widening both sides of the road at the same time by constructing a new lane to each roadway. The most common hybrid wall type is the MSE/soil nailing wall.The focus of this study is to illustrate the benefits of hybrid earth retaining systems. This was achieved by making a comparison between hybrid earth retaining systems and monotype retaining systems in retaining the same soil’s height. The analysis was done by using 2D finite element program, PLAXIS V.8. This study included various types of earth retaining systems included traditional monotype systems as soil nailing wall, cantilever wall, sheet pile wall, and MSE wall. It is also included new hybrid systems as cantilever/soil nailing hybrid wall, cantilever/sheet pile hybrid wall, MSE/sheet pile hybrid wall besides the common system MSE/soil nailing system. It could be included from this study that hybrid systems have a significant effect in increasing the global factor of safety and decreasing the lateral wall displacements compared to using the full height monotype systems especially the cantilever/anchored sheet pile hybrid system.