الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out during 2016 and 2017 seasons on 78 uniform in vigour 10 -years old Superior grapevines grown at El- Hawarta village, Minia district, Minia Governorate. The texture of soil is clay. Cane pruning system with using Gable supporting method was adopted. Vine load was 72 eyes (6 fruiting canes x 10 eyes + 6 renewal spurs x two eyes). The vines are planted at 2 x 3 meters (700 vines / fed.) Surface irrigation system using Nile water was followed.
Hereon, the present study was planned to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and frequencies of application of wheat seed sprout on vegetative growth characteristics, vine nutritional status, yield and berries quality of Superior grapevines.
Except those dealing with the present treatments (different concentrations and frequencies of application of wheat seed sprout), all the selected vines (78 vines) received the usual horticultural practices.
The present experiment included the following thirteen treatments from different concentrations and frequencies of application of wheat seed sprout:
1- Control (untreated trees).
2- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 0.05% once at growth start (1st week of March.).
3- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 0.05% twice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April).
4- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 0.05% thrice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April) and 21 days after berry setting (first week of May).
5- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 1.0 % once at growth start (1st week of March.).
6- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 1.0 % twice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April).
7- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 1.0 % thrice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April) and 21 days after berry setting (first week of May).
8- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 2.0 % once at growth start (1st week of March.).
9- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 2.0 % twice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April).
10- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 2.0 % thrice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April) and 21 days after berry setting (first week of May).
11- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 4.0 % once growth start (1st week of March.).
12- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 4.0 % twice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April).
13- Spraying wheat seed sprout at 4.0 % thrice at growth start (1st week of March.) and just after berry setting (middle of April) and 21 days after berry setting (first week of May).
Each treatment was replicated three times, two vines/ each. Extract of the wheat seed sprouts was prepared by germinating of the seeds and when the plant height reached ten cm, they were harvested and put in the refrigerator at C0 till use. As the time of application they were blended in electric blinder. Triton B as a wetting agent was added to all plant extract solutions at 0.05 % and spraying was done till runoff (5 L water/ vine). The untreated vines received water containing Triton B.
A randomized complete block design was followed where this experiment included thirteen treatments each replicated three times, two vines per each.
During both seasons, the following parameters were recorded.
1- Vegetative growth characteristics namely main shoot length (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of leaves/ shoot, wood ripening coefficient, cane thickness (cm.) and pruning wood weight (kg/ vine).
2- Leaf chemical constituents namely chlorophylls a & b, total carotenoids (mg/ 1 g F.W.), N, P, K and Mg (as %) and Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu (as ppm) in the leaves (on dry weight basis).
3- Yield/ vine expressed in weight (kg.) and number of clusters/ vine.
4- Weight (g), length and shoulder (cm.) of cluster.
5- Percentage of shot berries in the cluster.
6- Some physical and chemical characteristics of the berries namely berry weight (g.) and dimensions (longitudinal and equatorial) (cm.), T.S.S. %, reducing sugars%, total acidity% (as g tartaric acid / 100 g juice) and T.S.S./ acid.
The nearly same obtained data during both seasons could be summarized under the following main items:
1-Vegetative growth characteristics:
Main shoot length (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of leaves/ shoot, wood ripening coefficient, cane thickness (cm.) and pruning wood weight (kg/ vine) were valuably stimulated due to treating the vines with wheat seed sprout at 0.5 to 4.0 % once, twice or thrice relative to the control. The maximum values of growth aspects were recorded when the vines received three sprays of wheat seed sprout at 4.0%.
2- Leaf chemical composition:
Chlorophylls a & b, total carotenoids, N, P, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in the leaves were positively affected by treating the vines with wheat seed sprout at 0.5 to 4.0 % once, twice or thrice relative to the control. Carrying out three sprays of wheat seed sprout at 4.0% gave the maximum values on these aspects.
4- Yield/vine and cluster aspects:
It was positively affected by spraying wheat seed sprout at 0.5 to 4.0 % once, twice or thrice relative to the control. There was a gradual promotion on the yield/vine with increasing concentrations and frequencies of application of wheat seed sprout. from economical point of view, it is preferable to use wheat seed sprout at 2.0 % twice.
5- Percentage of shot berries
It was greatly controlled by treating the vines once, twice or thrice with wheat seed sprout at 0.5 to 4.0 % relative to the control. The great reduction on shot berries was recorded on the vines that treated with wheat seed sprout at 4.0% three times. The maximum values were recorded on the untreated vines.
5- Quality of the berries
Subjecting the vines to wheat seed sprout at 0.5 to 4.0% once, twice or thrice materially was accompanied with improving quality of the berries in terms of increasing berry weight and dimensions, T.S.S.%, reducing sugars%, T.S.S./acid and decreasing total acidity relative to the control. The promotion was in proportional to the increase in concentrations and frequencies of application of wheat seed sprout. Carrying out two sprays of wheat seed sprout at 2.0 % gave the best results from economical point of view.
CONCLUSION:
Carrying out two sprays at growth start and just after berry setting with wheat seed sprout at 2.0% besides the normal horticultural practice gave the beat results with regard to yield and quality of Superior grapevines grown under Minia region conditions.