الفهرس 
I – IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this thesis was devoted to the design of a novel
electrode as was described consisting of p1,2-DAAQ / GC modified
electrode by electro-polymerization method using cyclic voltammetry
technique (CV) followed by electro-deposition of second layer of Pd or
Pt using CV technique to produce Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC, Pt/p1,2-
DAAQ/GC, Pt/Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC and Pd/Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC modified
electrodes. This developed modified electrode was applied toward the
oxidation of small organic molecules (MeOH, EtOH and EG) at bare GC,
modified p1,2-DAAQ / GC and modified Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC, Pt/p1,2-
DAAQ/GC, Pt/Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC and Pd/Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC electrodes.
The thesis consists of three chapters as follows:
Chapter one :
This chapter focused on general background of modified
electrodes, how to modify electrode surface electro-chemically and the
conducting polymers with special focus on poly diaminoanthraquinon and
what makes polymers conductive, their synthesis by introducing
highlights about both chemical and electrochemical polymerization and
its applications. Also we paid a great attention to metal nanoparticles and
specially (palladium ,platinum). We introduced the importance of fuel
cells in our life and importance of electrochemistry in fuel cell and the
techniques applied in this work . Finally we reported a general
background about the organic compounds under investigation in our
study.
Chapter two :
This chapter reported the experimental part which mainly deals
with electrochemical preparation of p1,2-DAAQ / GC modified electrode
in acetonitrile containing 0.1 M LiCLO4in the presence of 0.1mM of
DAAQ monomer at GC electrode using CV technique The electrode
potential was swept at a rate of 0.05 Vs-1 between 0.2 and 1.4 V for 15
cycles and followed by electrochemical preparation of the outer layer of
monometallic Pd or Pd catalyst prepared by immersing p1,2-DAAQ
modified electrode in aqueous solution of 0.1 M H2SO4 containing 2.5
mM PdCl2 or 0.1 M HClO4 containing 2.5 mM H2PtCl6 performing
Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC and Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC catalyst electrodes
respectively. CV technique was used for MNPs electro-deposition by
cycling the potential between − 0.35 and + 0.65 V at a scan rate of 0.05
Vs-1 for 25 cycles. Measurement of ESA of the new modified electrodes
was examined .Finally we reported the preparations of the solutions of
the studied small fuel cell organic compounds.
Chapter three :
This chapter disclosed the characterization of poly 1,2 -
diaminoanthraquinon (p1,2-DAAQ) based in glassy carbon electrode in in
acetonitrile containing 0.1 M LiCLO4 by cyclic voltammetry technique.
The optimum conditions for the film formation were investigated
and the results showed that sweeping the electrode potential between 0.2
to 1.4 V using scan rate 0.05 V s-1 for 15 cycles were the optimum
conditions.
Also we introduced the characterization of electro-depostion of pd
or Pt on the p1,2-DAAQ / GC modified electrode. The optimum
conditions for the second layer were also investigated. The results showed that sweeping the electrode potential between -0.35 to +0.65 V
using scan rate 0.05 V s-1 for 25 cycles are the optimum experimental
conditions.
Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC, Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC, Pt/Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC
and Pd/Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC modified electrodes characterized by CV,
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and the results are presented coherently and in details.
The electro-oxidation of small organic compounds like Methanol
(MeOH), Ethanol (EtOH) and Ethylene glycol(EG) at bare GC, p1,2-
DAAQ / GC and Pd/p1,2-DAAQ/GC, Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC, Pt/Pd /p1,2-
DAAQ/GC and Pd/Pt/p1,2-DAAQ/GC modified electrodes in alkaline
medium studied using CV techniques.
Different analytical parameters such as Concentration of both
solvent and MeOH, EtOH and EG ,Scan rate ,Upper potential limits,
continuous cyclic and chronoamperometry were reported and discussed.