الفهرس 
الفصل الأول الإطــار العام للبحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
<Scientific and technical progress is one of the characteristics of the modern era, which included all aspects of life, especially the sports side, which was developed as a result of studies and research based on the scientific foundations in order to reach accurate results that provide the most appropriate solutions with the economy in time and effort in the performance of sports skills, The achievement of good results, and access to higher levels of sports and performance improvement was not a coincidence, but the result of the proper use of scientific foundations in the study of movement in terms of physical laws. (22: 7)
Sherif Al-Awadhi (1989) notes that it is clear that the trainer needs to have information about the characteristics of the skill performance in order to facilitate training. This is to detect the interrelationships between the movement of the parts of the body during the performance of the skill, The movement of the player during the stages of performance of this skill, Stender ”Stanndler” that the achievement of characteristics performance requires the knowledge of researchers all the information related to the work of the body parts of the joints and muscles in order to discuss the analysis of performance under study, especially if the objectives of the study to reach information intended to deliver Maal And died for both the practitioner and novice or correction of performance to achieve the perfect performance (13:10).
In the opinion of ”Sawsan Abdel Moneim” in 1997 that interest in the study of the movement from the point of view of structural structure and muscle work, in addition to the use of principles and mechanical foundations that are linked to the movement of the human body and the study of movement carried out by the human body requires the accuracy of analysis of the work of muscle associated with the movement by knowing what happens during In addition to what can be governed by the movement of laws and principles so as to identify how and why the movement occurs as it is done; and requires primarily the ones who are based on the training process and the teaching of sports skills, rules of analysis based on the principles of dynamic Basic mechanics, anatomy, biomechanics and other sciences associated with skill and technical information on any skill in how they perform in the light of a set of information that helps to determine the motor actions required to perform this performance with the highest possible efficiency and least effort
(34: 8)
Danovan (1984) states that the sport of disaster is considered one of the sports of individual losers characterized by the rapid and continuous change of both attacks and defense in competitive situations, which requires high ability to accurately test the various motor skills (offensive, defensive, counterattack) through good motor compatibility , And react with a super degree of control through the use of special motor abilities and strength characteristic of speed, endurance, flexibility and balance.
(11:41)
In the mathematical field, the sources of skill numbers are clearly linked, so the physical attributes or abilities and the components of the good technical performance and the degree of proficiency are highlighted in a composite and cumulative form. The effectiveness of mathematical skill improvement is mainly related to the process of consistency to master the art of performance with methods of training. Physical abilities and methods of physical preparation of athletes, and that motor performance has two important aspects, skills, qualities or motor abilities, the direction of movement education is related to skill and the process itself is called ”skill preparation” while the qualities or abilities are related to the Its own training and so-called ”physical preparation” process (265: 46).
Karate has been subjected to many scientific developments in various aspects of the players, especially the training programs applied to them, which led to a change in the methods of offensive and defensive play, as do other sports activities. (27: 2)
Karate sport includes two main types of competitions and each contest has its characteristics, one of which is a wave to the imaginary fighting kata and the other goes to the actual fighting kumiteh. (27: 1)
Sherif Al-Awadi (1985) points out that many karate players tend to use kickouts using both men and train them hard to gain flexibility, concentration and agility to control the movements of the feet. Keeping the player balanced while beating a man is one of the important things to increase the strength of beatings. Increasing the range of positive motor works to raise the level of strength and thus motor speed, including ”Fitness and speed” as a basis for development and also to improve the level of muscle strength, which helps to improve muscular endurance dependency, because the relationship between the strength of muscle strength and endurance Muscle, in addition to creating the mechanical conditions to achieve the maximum constriction (171: 9)
Mohamed Hassan Allawi (1990) states that analyzing the skillful performance of the player is of great importance in order to know the extent of the development at the physical and skill level. (132: 26)
Research problem:
Through the researcher’s view of many international matches recently found that one of the most important kicks and performance in the matches of the Komitah is the ball rolling half reverse in front of the front, as it is used as an offensive skill in direct and indirect way as a counter attack, and enter most of the game plans and depends on a lot of players during In addition, the player gets three points according to the law of the game. In addition to this, the player is not proficient in the performance of many Egyptian players, especially beginners, because they require the implementation of dynamic duties characterized by control and control at critical moments to achieve their goal.
Kadri Morsi (1988) notes that performance alone may become useless in any competition if it is not associated with proper conduct. The skill of the player, for example, does not in any way imply his actual ability to perform a successful correction in terms of timing, type and place of correction , And performance of the skill at a general level.
Kadri Morsi (1988) notes that performance alone may become useless in any competition if it is not associated with proper conduct. The skill of the player, for example, does not in any way imply his actual ability to perform a successful correction in terms of timing, type and place of correction , And the performance of the skill with a high degree of mechanism does not mean a final sign of the player’s ability, but more importantly the ability of the player and methods and methods of performance of the skill at the right moment to be effective (67:23).
Therefore, the player is required to kick the ball at the speed and accuracy appropriate to achieve the mechanical goal of performance is a kick-point in the head area of the competitor in a manner consistent with the conditions of the calculation of the right strike with control and high speed to avoid counter-attack.
”The skills in karate are highly dependent on motion performance and accuracy, and their improper performance is wasted and wasted energy. When using the biomechanical analysis method of karate skill, it is possible to figure out the ideal form of performance (45: 3, 4).
The researcher chose to study the kizami Ora Mawashi Geri in front of the biomechanical front, which helps to increase the knowledge of the mechanical concepts that work on the speed of learning the skill, which makes this study a special importance that allows the trainers and players to use the results In the learning and training processes to improve their level of performance.
The importance and need of research:
The performance of the Kizami Ora Mawashi front kick skill requires a detailed analysis of the mechanics of this skill and its relationship to motor performance to guide the training process
Through the views of Talha Hussein (1998), the researcher concluded that the study of the mathematical technique of the major strikes in karate sports depends on the scientific method and knowledge and the optimal utilization of tools as requirements for learning and training. (9:13)
These analyzes contribute to the trainers’ understanding of the biomechanical characteristics of the various stages of the reverse half-circular kick in the front man during their learning and training stages, as well as the identification of strengths and weaknesses as well as the mechanical analysis of this skill is unclear or documented in research studies. The analysis is one of the most important basic sciences that contribute significantly and accurately to the knowledge of the technical details of motor skills in general and the skills of kicking in particular to reach the level of For good performance.
Research goals:
1. Identify the most important biomechanical characteristics of the skill of the half-circular kick in reverse with the front man
2. Identify the strengths and weaknesses in the characteristics of the performance of the skill in question for young people
Research questions:
1. What are the characteristic biomechanical characteristics of the reverse half-circular kick skill in the front man?
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses in the performance characteristics of the skill in question for young people?
Keywords in Search:
The Biomechanical Determinants
Is the numerical and numerical data of time, distance, speed, wheel, power and its causes for use in data characterization in the light of technical analysis (20: 8)
Kezami Ora Mawashi Geri
It is one of the skills of the two men, who perform the form of the foot by lifting the knee to the top and inward with the rotation of the foot to the outside and then to do the man’s individual half-circular back to the goal and then return in the same path of the motor quickly.
(Procedural definition)
Research procedures:
To achieve the research objective, the researcher followed the following steps:
First: Research Methodology:
The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research.
Second: Research Community:
Players of the Arab Republic of Egypt Karate.
The research sample:
The research sample was chosen in a deliberate manner by the three players of the national Karate team.
Conditions for sample selection:
1. Age: 18 to 26 years.
2. Length: not less than 165 centimeters.
3. Balance: 60 to 75 kg.
Third: Tools and means of data collection:
1. Data collection form (observation and registration form).
2. International Information Network.
3. Arab and foreign sources and references.
Devices and tools used:
1. 2 video cameras (Sony 8MHz video camera with 100 frames per second).
2. 2 Tripod with water balance.
3. Video processing unit Monitor.
4. Indicative signs.
5. Measuring tape.
6. Sony 8mm Raw Video.
7. Light source.
8. Electrical connection.
9. dark canvas background.
10. Orthogonal calibration system of 150 cm x 150 cm x 150 cm.
11. The genometer.
12. Flash light source.
Equipment and instruments for the analysis of video:
1) IBM computer, 64 RAM memory and 4.3 MMG 233 GB hard disk.
2) A.V master master Video Card.
3) Win analysis.
Field research procedures:
1. Preparing and preparing the places
2. Photography procedures
3. Procedures for analysis
4. Prepare the camera
5. Prepare the sample for imaging
6. Perform and record attempts
Exploration Experience:
The researcher conducted the pilot experiment on the player in the research of the movement science lab at the Faculty of Physical Education for Boys at Helwan University, on Sunday, 4/3/2018, in order to ascertain the following:
a. Practical training of assistants and sample on the work entrusted to them.
b. Ensure the validity of the place where the filming takes place.
c. Determine the location of the cameras, the appropriate shooting angles, the distances needed for the clearest picture, and know the optimal method of processing the scene.
d. Determine the most suitable time for shooting according to the required lighting level.
e. Determining the field of motion within the camera field.
f. Locating the marking sites.
g. Ensure that the markings are installed on the player’s body.
h. Determining where the power tools needed to operate are needed, and the required connections.
i. Identify problems that may arise during the visualization of the basic experiment.
Basic experience:
The basic experiment was conducted on Wednesday, 14/3/2018 at the Movement Science Laboratory at the Faculty of Physical Education for Boys at Helwan University at 1:00 pm. The researcher explained the required performance of the player. The search for the best performance methods where players (3) attempts to the skill under study to be chosen the best attempt for each player.
The researcher used a number of (2) cameras measuring 8mm frequency (100) field / second with (2) tripod during the exploratory experiment and the basic experiment. The cameras were installed on the basis of the basic levels and axes of the body. Which requires a three-dimensional imaging of the skill until the skill is studied accurately and quantitatively by three-dimensional analysis.
Steps of kinetic analysis and data extraction:
After imaging the attempts to perform the best attempts were made in each method and through the processing of data through the program of analysis of three-dimensional movement (Skill Spector) The following biochemical variables were obtained for all the points of the body followed by video:
• The speed.
• Offset.
• Paying off.
• Time.
Through these biomechanical variables, the research objectives were reached.
Conclusions and Recommendations:
I. CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the results of the research and within the sample and tools used, the following conclusions can be reached:
1. This skill is very fast attack skills, which took a total time of 0.88 seconds.
2. There was a decrease in the values of horizontal displacement of the center of the weight of the body at the moment of the individual of the walking man as a natural result of the kick with precision, control and dynamic balance.
3. The amount of payment resulting from the movements of the two men contributed to the production of a large amount of movement of the man walking.
4. Angular change values of the knee joint corresponded to the values of angular change of the pelvic joint and horizontal horizontal of the man walking, where the greatest value of horizontal displacement of the man walking 1,489 m / s
II. Recommendations:
In light of the results of the experiment, within the scope of the field and the sample carried out, and according to the conclusions reached, the researcher recommends the following:
1. The use of kinetic analysis as a method of measurement and evaluation of the performance of the movement, which contributes significantly to obtain accurate quantitative results to contribute to the development of skill in Karate.
2. Interest in the study of complex motor skills and fast in the field of karate sport.
3. Pay attention to exercises and movements of men and frequencies and linked to methods of attack compound.
4. The need to pay attention to the component of speed, flexibility and accuracy as essential components in the selection of specialized quality exercises.
5. Rooting the use of biomechanical analysis and functional anatomy analysis of the functioning muscles as a criterion for evaluating the skill performance.
6. Utilization of scientific methods and modern techniques in the development and design of physical and skill preparation programs, including specialized quality training.