الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was done to determine the prevalence of dental caries in pre-term children aged 2-5 years seeking treatment or follow up at Cairo University Children’s hospital ”Abo El-rish” at El-Monira, Cairo, Egypt.
According to sample size calculations using a precision of 5, a design effect set at 1 with 95% CI (confidence interval), a total sample size of 300 children was taken and the sample size was calculated by Epi-inf (Rishekar and Laxminarayan, 2011).
Assessment of oral hygiene and dietary habits was done using dmft scores for primary teeth aided by a specially designed questionnaire according to (Cruvinel et al.,2010; Rajshekar and Laxminarayanet al.,2011). All information was obtained by interviewing the children mothers.
The questionnaire contained six open ended and eight closed ended questions. Part one included the patients’ personal data, second part was about the history of the child’s feeding, and Third part included some questions about the child’s oral hygiene.
Clinical examination of children was performed by the researcher using: a dental mouth mirror, dental probe and a piece of cotton or gauze for removal of any obstructing soft debris. All the surfaces of the teeth were examined for the presence of dental caries.
The results of this study showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 96.6% among the studied sample with mean dmft of 4.03. As well as presence of a direct positive correlation between the pre-term birth and dental caries in primary dentition i.e.an increase in gestational age is associated with an increase in (dmft) scores and vice versa.
The effect of the other cariogenic factors and oral hygiene measures on the pre-term children teeth was a direct relation in causing dental caries in pre-term children.
The results of this study have shown that:
The results of this study showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 96.6% among the studied sample with mean dmft of 4.03. As well as presence of a direct positive correlation between the pre-term birth and dental caries in primary dentition i.e.an increase in gestational age is associated with an increase in (dmft) scores and vice versa.
The effect of the other cariogenic factors and oral hygiene measures on the pre-term children teeth was a direct relation in causing dental caries in pre-term children.
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أهم النتائج التطبيقية التي تم التوصل إليها:
• Prevalence of dental caries in pre-term children enrolled in the current study was found to be 96.6% with mean dmft of 4.03.
• There was no statistical difference between mean (dmft) scores in males and females.
• There was a statistical significant direct (positive) correlation between age and (dmft) scores.
• There was no statistical significant correlation between parents’ occupation and the (dmft) scores of children.
• There was a statistical significant direct (positive) correlation between the (dmft) scores and the gestational age of children i.e. an increase in gestational age is associated with an increase in (dmft) scores and vice versa.
• Regarding the manner of children’s history of feeding; children who were initially breast fed showed a statistical significant lower mean (dmft) scores than those who were initially fed by nursing bottle.
• Children who had prolonged (at night or on demand) breast feeding duration showed statistical significant higher values than those who had normal breast feeding duration.
• Children who used bottle feeding after weaning showed statistical significant higher mean (dmft) scores than children who didn’t use.
• There was a statistical significant direct (positive) correlation between ages of weaning and (dmft) scores, i.e. an increase in ages of weaning are associated with an increase in (dmft) scores and vice versa.
• There was no statistical significant correlation between the children’s feeding habits and the (dmft) scores.
• There was a direct statistical significant correlation (positive) between the (dmft) scores and the number of snacks per day.
• A statistical significant difference between dmft scores of children who had cariogenic snacks and those who have both types of snacks (cariogenic & non cariogenic); both groups showed the statistical significant highest mean dmft score. Children who had non-cariogenic snack showed the statistical significant lowest mean dmft score.
• Regarding the patients’ oral hygiene; there was no statistical significant difference between mean (dmft) scores of children who consume and don’t consume fluoridated water.
• A statistical significant direct (negative) correlation between frequency of tooth brushing and dmft scores was noted.
• Only two children (0.7%) among the studied group had enamel hypoplasia on their teeth examination for other defects.