الفهرس 
Metabolic syndrome: a major health problemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abstract:
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex pathophysiological entity and increased saturated fats and refined carbohydrates in diet were proved to pave the way for different metabolic syndrome parameters as well as high tendency for infertility. Ursolic acid is a promising natural herbal drug that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and more recently antidiabetic actions. The Aim of the study is to explore the possible ability of ursolic acid in either high or low dose to protect against possible fertility disorders induced by metabolic syndrome. Methodology: Eighty four adult male Wistar rats were equally allocated into six groups for eight weeks duration: group I: control rats that were fed regular diet (C), group II (CL) and group III (CH): control rats that were fed regular diet and received 5mg/kg ursolic acid and 16mg/kg ursolic acid respectively , group IV: metabolic syndrome induced rats that received high fat high fructose enriched diet (Met.S) , group V: metabolic syndrome induced rats that received 5mg/kg ursolic acid (Met.S.L) and group VI: metabolic syndrome induced rats that received 16 mg/kg ursolic (Met.S.H) ursolic acid was given by daily oral gavage. Body weight, naso-anal length, body mass index (BMI) , waist circumference ,arterial blood pressure , heart rate were assessed. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, free testosterone, prolactin and FSH, all were measured and HOMA-IR score was calculated. Epididymal sperm count, retroperitoneal fat weight , epididymal weight , testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (G-PX) activity were assessed, in addition to histological examination of the testicular tissue.
Results: High fat high fructose – enriched diet in this study resulted in dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, increased waist circumference and retroperitoneal fat. In addition, higher serum prolactin level, testicular tissue MDA levels were observed together with significantly decreased serum testosterone and epididymal sperm count compared to normal control. Moreover. testicular tissue on histological examination showed a decrease in number of primary spermatocytes . On the other hand, in comparison to normal control group I, both low and high dose ursolic acid supplementation in concomitant with the regular diet in group II and group III respectively caused a significant decrease in final body weight, %change of body weight, retroperitoneal fat weight and better lipid profile which was marked with high dose. In contrast , when ursolic was given in concomitant with induction of metabolic syndrome (group V &VI), it improved insulin resistance, blood pressure, distribution of fat specially with high dose yet it caused higher serum prolactin in comparison to the metabolic syndrome induced group ( group IV) . Ursolic acid use in the four tested groups showed a decrease in number of primary spermatocytes in examined testicular tissues .Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome has a negative impact on male fertility , which could not be improved by ursolic acid supplementation that aggravated these fertility changes.