الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aimed to explore the anticancer activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of selected algal and fungal species against different cancer cells (HepG2, Caco2, MCF7) in vitro and in vivo regarding their cytotoxicity properties. In our study, chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis, Microcystis aeruginosa and Agaricus bisporus were used for biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles had size variation from (7-75) nm which was confirmed using scanning electron microscope and X ray diffraction. Safety assay was conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblast cells to detect the safer dose for further anticancer tests. Anticancer activity of the four silver nanoparticles were tested on three cancer cell lines (HepG2, Caco2 and MCF7) cells and the inhibition concentration of 50 % of the cancer cells were detected and also the selectivity index. The results of anticancer tests fluctuated between the four AgNPs with the superiority of silver nanoparticles from Arthrospira. Platensis. The effect of the AgNPs were studied on cellular level using electron microscope and also apoptosis and necrosis of cells assessment was tested using Acridine orange/ ethidium bromide (AO/EB) assay under fluorescence microscope confirmed the apoptotic and necrotic effects of the tested AgNPs. Also, flowcytometry and propidium iodide were used for cell cycle analysis of different cancer cells (HepG2, Caco2 and MCF7) treated with AgNPs of Arthrospira platensis indicated the effect of silver nanoparticles on the replication and division stages of the different cancer cell types. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induction by silver nanoparticles on PBMC were detected using DFCH-DA which resulted in fluorescein complex by ROS, silver nanoparticles of Microcystis aeruginosa then Arthrospira platensis recorded the highest ROS amount. To study the silver nanoparticles effect on the molecular level on some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes regulation, five genes primers (P53- MMP7-Bcl2- TGF and Survivin) were used using RNA extraction and RT-PCR technique, the results recorded the variation of effect of AgNPs on HePG2 and MCF7 causing up and down regulation for the five genes. In vivo simulation study was conducted using experimental mice for first, detection of the safe dose on two groups of different concentration (3.5mg/Kg and 0.15mg/Kg) and after the biochemical tests of blood samples, the most safe dose was (0.15mg/kg). Breast cancer was induced in 4 groups of female albino mice using Ehrlich cells that were divided according to the type of treatment injection to intrapretonial injected (I.P), solid (local) injected and Doxorubicin as standard drug compared with control group. The treatment effect and efficacy were confirmed using CBC for blood samples from the tested mice and Histopathological studies of tumours that indicated less viable cells and malignancy with increased of necrosis and fibrosis percentage indicated the most efficacy for IP injection over the others. Histopathological studies also conducted to the kidneys and livers of different groups showed inflammation records for all treatments with highest degeneration of Doxorubicin treatment. Immunohistochemistry assay was conducted using Ki67 antibody as proliferation biomarker and Caspase 3 as apoptosis biomarker. The results recorded the most efficacy for the silver nanoparticles of Arthrospira injected IP over the solid and Doxorubicin injected mice. from this study, we concluded the anticancer activity of the biogenic silver nanoparticles of chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis , Microcystis aeruginosa and Agaricus bisporus on HepG2, Caco2 and MCF7 and confirmed this with in vivo study using AgNPs of Arthrospira platensis . Biogenic or green synthesized silver nanoparticles offers a promising alternative for cancer treatments with different mode of action for more safe, specific and economic drugs or drug vehicle in drug delivery.