الفهرس 
Male Sexual Development
CryptorchidismOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cryptorchidism or undescended testis (UDT) is one of the most common genital anomalies in childhood. Its incidence is 3-5 % in full term newborn, and affect more than one third of premature newborn. The incidence decrease to 1-2 % at age of 3 months.There are many radiographic modalities for evaluation and diagnosis of patients with undescended testes(US, CT, and MRI),but all cannot rule out the presence of an intra-abdominal testis. Therefore, laparoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice for the impalpable testis.Regarding the treatment, many techniques were introduced for treatment of inraabdominal testis including microsurgical autotransplantation, primary laparoscopic orchiopexy, one and two stage laparoscopic Fowler–Stephens procedures, and staged laparoscopic traction orchiopexy(Shehata technique).This study aimed to evaluate the short term outcome of staged
laparoscopic traction orchiopexy. During the period from April 2017 t0 October 2018 at the pediatric surgery unit, Tanta University Hospitals, 37
cryptorchoid boys with 40 non palpable testes with the age ranging from 9
months to 11 years , were managed. Preoperative assessment, history,
thorough physical examination and ultrasonography were done for all cases.Pre operative ultrasonographic examination was able to detect the testis intra abdominally in only 15 testes (37.5%), and the remaining 25 testes (62.5%) were not visualized by ultrasound. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done for all cases and showed that 17/25 testes of non visualized testes were vanished , and 8/ 25 testes were intraabdominal testes. The accuracy of US in our study (32/40 testes) was 80% According to laterality, there were 3 bilateral cases, 8 cases were on the right side, and 6 cases were in the left side..