الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work aimed to investigate incidence, applying some traditional and modern diagnostic aids as well as applying suitable treatments including medical therapy and surgical operations for the different reproductive disorders in bitches. Moreover, prognosis for the different interferences and their effects on the future reproduction of bitches were illustrated. The current study was carried out on 107 bitches, from 14 breeds with different ages, admitted to the clinic of Theriogenology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University in addition to some private pet clinics. This research was conducted during the period between February 2017 and September 2018.
Detailed diagnosis of the different reproductive disorders included clinical diagnosis, gynecological examination (ultrasonography, vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy), laboratory investigations (hematological examination, hormonal assay, estimation of C-reactive protein and Fibrinogen, estimation of tumor markers); microbial examination and pathological investigation (histopathology). The distribution of these diseases within the different breeds and varying ages was studied. Irrespective of the dog breeds, the results revealed that the highest incidences of reproductive affections were estimated for pyomerta (33.64 %), vaginal hyperplasia (24.29 %) and Transmissible venereal tumor TVT (18.69%). On the other hand, the least incidences were reported for ovarian, cervical and vaginal tumors as well as vaginal septum (0.93 % for each of them). In this aspect, pyometra was diagnosed in most of the investigated breeds (8 out of 14) whereas vaginal hyperplasia and TVT were found in 7 out of 14 and 4 out of 14 studied breeds, respectively. The highest incidences of pyometra, vaginal hyperplasia and TVT were noted in Golden Retriever (47.06 %), Boxer and Alabai (100 %) and German shepherd (36 %), respectively. Concerning the prevalence of the reproductive diseases within each age group, it is observed that vaginal hyperplasia constitutes the highest incidences (33.33 and 40 %) in bitches of 1 - 2 years old and 2 – 3 years old, respectively. It was decreased to 23.80 % in bitches of 3 - 5 years old while in larger ages no cases of this disease were reported. Similarly, incidence of TVT decreased from 30.30 % to 28 % and 9.52 % in the first, second and third age groups, respectively. In larger ages, only one case (10 %) was reported in bitches of 7 - 10 years old. On the contrary to vaginal hyperplasia and TVT, the incidence of pyometra increased with the advances of age. It increased from 12.12 % to 24.00 % and 28.57 % in bitches of the first, second and third age groups, respectively.
Throughout this study, some modern diagnostic tools were used for prediction and accurate diagnosis of some reproductive disorders. In cases of pyometra, fibrinogen and C-reactive proteins were assayed through the consecutive three weeks following treatment. Also, in cases of TVT and mammary tumors, tumor markers (CEA, CA15.3 and CA125) were assayed following surgical or medical interferences. Moreover, histopathological examination was carried out for all the reproductive disorders. The influence of type of treatment on the future fertility of the treated bitches illustrated that among all cases of pyometra, only 7 bitches were suitable for medical treatment (19.44 %). Four bitches (57.14 %) could be followed up after complete recovery. Fortunately 3 of them (75 %) had been bred and achieved pregnancy. Concerning the bitches suffering from vaginal hyperplasia, all cases subjected to surgical treatment. Among the cases that could be followed up 17 of them (85%) were successfully bred and got pregnant. Ten of those suffered from TVT were treated surgically followed by chemotherapeutic treatment whereas similar number of cases were subjected to chemotherapeutic treatment only. Three of five cases (60%) were successfully bred and got pregnant in the former treatment whereas only 25 % (1 from 4 cases) showed the same result in the medical treatment.
In conclusion, the current study revealed the most reliable diagnostic tools as well as the specific treatment of each reproductive disorder in the bitch.