الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, is found in many common consumer products. It also has many uses in work environments (fuels, solvents, disinfectants). Although the risks associated with alcohol consumption (ingestion) are well known, those resulting from inhalation of ethanol and/or from skin contact are not. Therefore, assessment of the risks resulting from inhalation of ethanol and/or from skin contact in the workplace is an interesting issue.
The main aim of this study was to detect the possible effects of Ethyl alcohol and its additives (methanol, bone oil and kerosine) on exposed workers employed in Abou-Qurkas sugar factory.
The study included 84 workers who employed in different sections of the factory. The workers were divided into 2 groups: Exposed group included 43 workers in distillation part of the factory, and non-exposed group: 41 workers employed in different sections of the factory other distillation part.
All subjects were interviewed using a specially designed interviewing questionnaire. The interviewing sheet was modified according to previously pilot study. The questionnaire included: Personal history (name, age, residence, etc...), occupational history (history of previous job, duration of the present job, duration of exposure), special habits (smoking, drug abuse), and history of systemic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus).
Clinical examination of all workers included: general examination, ophthalmic examination, and vital signs in regard to pulse (rate/minute, rhythm), blood pressure (pre and after-shift), respiratory rate and temperature.
Investigations were carried out for all workers and included: Liver functions, kidney functions, complete blood count, blood glucose level, and abdominal ultrasonography.
The Polymer Technology System (PTS) strips for use with CardioChek brand analyzer were used to measure blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) in whole blood and finger-stick blood.
In the present study, there were no statistically significant differences between exposed and non-exposed workers in terms of demographic characteristics (age and residence), special habits and history of systemic diseases (smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension) , and there was no history of alcohol intake or drug abuse.
There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in vital hemodynamics, regarding heart rate (73.06±10.10 beat/min in exposed, versus 74.80±9.49 beat/min in non-exposed), SBP (117.44±10.48 mmHg in exposed versus 113.46±10.17 mmHg in non-exposed), DBP (75.34±9.34 mmHg in exposed, versus 74.23±9.02 mmHg in non-exposed), respiratory rate (16.1±2.3 breathes/min in expose versus 15.2±2 breathes/min in non-exposed), and temperature (36.48±0.50 °C in exposed, versus 36.53±0.50 °C in non-exposed).
There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in liver function tests, regarding bilirubin (0.66±0.31 mg/dl in exposed, versus 0.64±0.34 mg/dl in non-exposed), total protein (6.90±0.81 g/dl in exposed, versus 6.84±0.88 g/dl in non-exposed), serum albumin (4.20±0.83 g/dl in exposed, versus 3.88±0.81 g/dl in non-exposed), ALT (31.67±13.22 IU/L in exposed, versus 36.65±13.03 IU/L in non-exposed), AST (27.18±11.86 IU/L in exposed, versus 30.23±12.88 IU/L in non-exposed), ALP (79.06±20.17 IU/L in exposed, versus 74.57±16.25 IU/L in non-exposed), and PT (11.58±1.11 sec. in exposed, versus 11.38±1.06 sec. in non-exposed).