الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: most of the bladder cancers are non-muscle invasion at the time of diagnosis. Non-Muscle invasive tumors confined to the mucosa and invading the lamina propria are classified as stage Ta and T1, respectively, according to the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification system.
Aim of the Study: to determine the efficacy of early second look cystoscopy after complete resection of non-muscle invasive urinary bladder tumors and its impact on subsequent treatment policy.
Patients and Methods: this is a prospective clinical study that was done at Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and Damanhur Oncology Centre. A total of 40 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed non-muscle invasive bladder cancer will be enrolled in this prospective study for second-look cystoscopy with TURBT in two to six weeks after initial TURBT and follow them up in one year.
Results: Single tumor was found in 22 cases (55%), while multiple tumors were recognized in 18 cases (45%) with average sizes ranging from 12mm to 70mm. Low-grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was found in 26 cases (65%), whereas high-grade TCC was found in 14 cases (35%). Stage PTa tumors was found in 12 cases (30%) while 28 cases (70%) have had tumors of PT1 stage. All cases underwent an early second TURBT after (2-6) weeks which has reviled the following data. The majority of cases (28 cases) representing 70% of whole study population were free with no detection of any tumors either residual or recurrence. Residual tumors were detected in six cases (15%) all of which detected in patient with large primary tumor size exceeding 50mm or patients with multiple tumors. Whole detected residual tumors were found at edges of primary tumors ranging 2-5 mm in size which were completely resected and they were of the same stage and grade as the initial tumor.
Conclusion: Our findings in this study support the notion that second-look cystoscopy with or without TURBT is a prerequisite in patients with superficial bladder cancers except for patients with solitary, small low-grade pTa tumors. It is particularly highly recommended for patients with extensive and multiple tumors at the first TURBT