الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study is:
1- To investigate the contamination of poultry farms with E. coli and Salmonella species.
2- To evaluate the degree of biosecurity level in some broiler poultry farms with especial reference for E. coli and Salmonella Spp. As well as tried to explain the expected causes and risk factors that leads to spread them in poultry flocks in Egypt.
3- To determine E. coli and Salmonella isolates sensitivity for most common used disinfectant and antimicrobial agents in Egypt.
A total of 10 broiler farms were studied from November 2016 to January 2018.The farms were visited at different ages (one day old, 7 days, 2week , 4week and 6week of age). The visited farms were described for their construction, bird type, stocking densities, traffic control, pest control, vaccination programmes, disinfection and other managemental criteria. The evaluation process was carried out through filling out a designed questionnaire and taking samples for the isolation of bacterial pathogens.
The obtained results showed that 44 E. coli species were isolated from 10 broiler poultry houses (27%);(11%) and (7%) from Cloacal swab; Liver and Litter, respectively Mean prevalence of E.coli spp. was (52%),(25%) and (35.9%) respectively in open broiler houses whether raised Cobb, Ross or Sasso breeds. The incidence of E. coli in one day old living diseased chicks, 1week, 2week, 4week and 6 weeks of age were ;10% ,14% 12%,5.7% and 10.1%, respectively. The most commonly detected E. coli serogroups serotyped were; O78 (31.81%), O2: H6 (18.18), O1: H7 (15.9), O91: H21(11.36),O128 : H2 (9.09), O26: H11(4.54) O146: H21.The percentage of isolated E. coli serotypes O124, O44: H18 and O153 : H2 was 2.27%.
The obtained results showed that 35 Salmonella species were isolated from 10 broiler poultry houses (25%);(6%) and (4%) from Cloacal swab; Liver and Litter, respectively Average prevalence of Salmonella spp. was (32.5%),(0%)and (34.1%) respectively in open broiler houses whether raised Cobb, Ross or Sasso breeds. The prevalence of Salmonella species in one day old living diseased chicks, 1week, 2week, 4week and 6 weeks of age were; 4.1%, 14.5%, 12% ,9 % and 6.3%, respectively. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars in broilers were: Salmonella Typhimurium (25.71%); S. entenidis (20 %) Salmonella Kentucky (20 %), S Molade (14.29 %), S. Tamale (8.57 %), Salmonella Papuana(5.71 %) , Salmonella Inganda ( 2.85%) and S. Larochelle ( 2.85 %) had been isolated from poultry. The results revealed that there was strong association concerning level of applied biosecurity in broiler farms and mortality rate (significant negative P<0.05) (R= 0.8545) , its means that the mortality rate ’ will be reduced significantly (P<0.05) if the satisfactory biosecurity applied to such farms. We found also, that there was a very strong association concerning level of applied biosecurity in broiler farms and E. coli spread (significant negative P<0.05) The value of R is NaN. This is a strong negative correlation, which means that high X variable scores go with low Y variable scores (and vice versa). In addition, we found that there was a very strong association concerning level of applied biosecurity in broiler farms and Salmonella spread (significant negative P<0.05) The value of R is NaN. This is a strong negative correlation, which means that high X variable scores go with low Y variable scores (and vice versa).
In the absence of organic matter, Verkon- S® Aldekol Des- Gda®, TH4®, Biosentry® 904™ and Formalin ® achieved 50% efficacy against Escherichia coli after 10 min (p<0.05) while Iodophore™ and Phenique were achieved 3 log reductions against Escherichia coli after 30 min (p<0.05). In the presence of organic matter, Verkon- S® achieved 3 log reductions after 5 min, but Aldekol Des- Gda®and Iodophore were achieved 3 log reductions after 30 min against Escherichia coli (P<0.05) without any log reduction after words. On the other hand, Formalin achieved 4 log reductions after 5 min against Escherichia coli (P<0.05) without any log reduction after words. TH4® was achieved 2 log reductions after 5 min against Escherichia coli (P<0.05) while Biosentry® 904™ and Phenique were 2 log reductions after 10 min without any log reduction after words.Verkon- S® achieved 3 log reduction, after 5 min, Aldekol Des- Gda® achieved one log reduction after on min, TH4® achieved 2 log reduction after 5 min, Biosentry® 904 and Iodophore achieved 2 log reduction after 5 min, while Formalin and Phenique were achieved 3 log reduction against S. entriditis after one min (p<0.05).In the presence of organic matter, Verkon- S® and Aldekol achieved 2 log reductions after one min S. entriditis after one min (P<0.05) without any log reduction after words.