الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In Sohag abattoirs; Sohag governorate, Egypt 400 sheep liver specimens and 100 goat liver specimens of different ages were examined grossly during January 2016 to June 2017. Out of thesis 85 livers suspected to be have pathological changes (80 sheep and 5 goat). The percent of liver affections was found to be about 17%.
The present work was planned to study the different pathological lesions of ovine liver in Sohag governorate. We investigate the pathological lesions found in the sheep and goat.Each sample examined histopathologically and detailed study on the gross and histopathological findings lead us to classify the lesions microscopically into:I. Liver Cirrhosis II. Suppurative hepatitis III. Serous Hepatitis IV. Miscellaneous liver affections>1 .Liver Amyloidosis2 .Hydropic Degeneration
3 .Fatty Degeneration.The gross and histopathological changes of the livers were described separately in each group. It had been found that liver cirrhosis the most common and high with percent 65.9% (64.7% sheep, 1.2% goat). The parasitological examination of these samples revealed that fascoila hepatica is the main parasitic cause of liver cirrhosis which appeared inside bile duct. Histopathologically; The cirrhotic livers showing massive collagen connective tissue proliferation around bile ducts. The collagen fiber was seen outlining the lobules of the liver, bridging the portal tracts and creating pseudonodular pattern. Broad bands of fibrous tissue around small regenerative nodules.
Livers affected by fascioliasis were identified according to the predominant changes in hepatic bile ducts and prescence of worm it self in most of the cases.Histopathologically reaveled that; Hyperplasia of the epithelial lining of bile ducts. Also newly formed bile ductules were observed in the portal area. Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration with extensive fibrous connective tissue proliferation were observed mainly in migrating tunnels and around bile ducts.The inflammatory cells in form of; eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils. The hepatic cells of the hepatic lobule surrounding the bile ducts showing atrophic changes where they appear small in size, deeply stained cytoplasm and the nucleus become small and deeply stained.Suppurative hepatitis or hepatic abscess is also found with percent 8.2% (7.0% sheep, 1.2% goat) that identified grossly by small multiple abscesses; pale yellow or grayish in color. On cut surface the abscess appeared extending deeply in the parenchyma with creamy centers and result confirmed by Gram stain and gram positive bacteria detected. TEM of selected samples of hepatic tissue of this group showed presence of numerous neutrophil cells infiltrated these areas. The neutrophil cells appear contain lobulated nucleus and the cytoplasm contain numerous small size electron dense granules. The hepatic cells showed marked degenerative changes in form of vacuolation of the cytoplasm.Serous Hepatitis found in 3 cases (3 sheep) with the percent 3.5%. this result confirmed by microscopical examination that revealed typical pathological changes of serous hepatits where the sinusoids were distended with blood, dilatation of the space of Disse and so in the parenchyma there was clear separation of the sinusoidal endothelium from hepatic cords. Hepatic cells showing pyknotic nuclei.Liver Amyloidosis found in 5 cases (5 sheep with the percent 5.9%. In which liver is enlarged with rounded ends, waxy or gummy in texture moderately firm, smooth surface and whitish yellow discoloration. Results confirmed by PAS and TEM examination.
Livers which showing hydropic degeneration were with the the percent 10.6% (7.0% sheep, 2.3% goat). Groosly ; the liver enlarged with rounded edges. The affected livers were pale colored due to collapsed blood vessels.Livers which showing fatty degeneration were with the percent 5.8% (4.7% sheep, 1.1% goat). And grossly The liver enlarged with rounded borders. The liver became hard in consistency and yellowish in color as a result of accumulated fat globules. In cut surfaces of affected liver with fatty degeneration; cut surface were bulging and greasy.