الفهرس 
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Abstract
Qarun Lake is the third largest lake in Egypt; it is the shrunken remnant of Moeris Lake. It is a closed basin used as a general reservoir for agricultural wastewater drainage of El Fayoum province. To evaluate the water quality of the lake for fishing and aquatic live utilization, Oregon water quality and metal pollution indices are computed. According to the obtained results, water of the Qarun Lake is classified as very poor for the fishing utilization, where water quality index changed from 17.05 to 67.4 at the different stations. The metal indices; pollution index (PI) and metal index (MI); showed that Qarun Lake water undergoes from a different degree of contamination for aquatic life utilization due to the huge amount of wastes that discharging into the lake.
On the other hand, Ni-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) with Ni:Al ratio (3:1) and their based nanocomposites with alginate and chitosan beads were prepared and examined for their efficiency in removal of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions from wastewater. Influences of different parameters such as contact time, pH value, adsorbent weight and heavy metal ion concentration on the removal efficiency were studied. Our results revealed a successful preparation of the nanocomposite particles. The adsorption specific characteristics of the prepared beads were examined using X-ray diffraction XRD, high resolution transmission electron microscopy HRTEM, Field emission scanning electron microscopy FESEM and Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR. The optimized batch experiment conditions in ambient room temperature were found to be 2g/L adsorbent dose, 50 mg/L initial concentration of metal, contact time of 2 h and pH 5 and 6 for removal of Cu2+ Cd2+, respectively. The adsorption process were well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models (higher R2), with trivial advantage for Freundlich approach. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of both Cd2+ and Cu2+ followed the pseudo-second-order.
The application of heavy metals removal such as (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) from the different wastewater discharging into Qarun Lake using Novel synthesized alginate nanocomposites (alginate, chitosan-alginate, LDH-alginate and LDH-chitosan-alginate beads) have been assessed. LDH-chitosan-alginate beads exhibited the maximum removal efficiency that varied between 92.253 and 98.833 % for Cr and Fe, respectively; in contrast, the alginate beads recorded the lowest one. The current study demonstrated that the developed Ni-Al-CO3 LDH and their corresponding alginate-chitosan based nanocomposite could be further tailored and used as efficient adsorbents for the uptake of heavy metals from wastewater.