الفهرس 
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Abstract
Mycoplasmosis is one of the most important diseases in poultry that causes severe economic losses and high rate of mortality among the different poultry species. The causative agent of this disease is Mycoplasma spp.; the most circulating species in Egypt are Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum which are detected in different poultry sectors and populations. This presented study aims to facilitate the detection and differentiation between these two species of mycoplasma by rapid and sensitive multiplex real time PCR using specific sets of primers and probes for each species. A total of 200 samples were gathered for this study from different poultry populations as 100 broiler farms, 50 layer farms and 50 samples of wild birds, the geographical distribution was considered during the sample collection trying to study the situation of Mycoplasma spp incidence in whole Egypt. Therefore, the results show that 47 farms were positive for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (31.3%); 12 out of 100 broiler farms (12%) and 35 out of 50 layer farms (70%) were positive for Mycoplasma gallisepticum. While, Mycoplasma synoviae was positive in 38 out of 150 farms ( 25%), 1 out of 100 in broilers (1%) and 37 out of 50 in layers (74%). By contrast, all the 50 samples of wild birds were negative for both MG, MS by Multiplex real time PCR. from 150 pooled serum samples tested from different breeds and governorates for MG and MS by SPA and ELISA test .68 (45.3%) were positive for MG and 56 (37.3%) for MS by SPA, while ELISA 43(28.7%) were positive for MG and 56(37.3%).Weak statistical correlation was observed between all serological tests (SPA and ELISA), and they should only be used for initial screening.