الفهرس 
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Abstract
Assiut Governorate is located on the Nile Valley, at about 375 Kilometers south
of Cairo. It occupies a stretch of low land about 25926 square kilometers located between
latitudes 26° 47′ and 27 ° 37 ′ and longitudes 30°37′ and 31°34′ It is bordered from the
east and west by the Eocene plateau.
The drinking water in Assiut is depending on both surface and groundwater
sources. The groundwater is mainly extracted from the Quaternary aquifer which
generally semi-unconfined in the area. The present study aims to characterize the
chemical and physical composition of the drinking water in the area and its suitability as
drinking source and for domestic uses. There are 54 wells were studied. Their locations
were detected using GPS technique. The chemical data included the concentration of Fe,
Mn, ions pH, TDS and T.H values in addition to turbidity of the water samples, while
these samples were analyzed chemically in (Holding company for drinking and waste
water Assiut).Maps showing the distribution of the main constituents were constructed
depending on the national and international standard for drinking water in the area.
The Groundwater in the Quaternary aquifer represents the main source of
drinking water in Assiut Governorate; it is recharged from Nile water System which
plays a considerable a role in its quality.
In some wells adjacent to the limestone plateau the concentration increased to the
allowable values which are attributed to the impact of these rocks and water bearing
sediments .In the area North West Assiut city. There are an increasing in some
elements concentrations especially in the wells which penetrate the Pliocene
sediments.
Some of physiochemical parameters such as pH, Turbidity, TDS, T.alkaline,
T.Hardnes, T.Fe and T.Mn (lies on the limits of WHO and Egyptian Standard for
drinking water).
The obtained (physiochemical analysis) results of this study can be concludes as follow:
PH ranged from 7.2 to 8.24, turbidity ranged from 0.2 to 4.17 NTU, T.D.S ranged from
194 to 880 ppm. T.Alk ranged from 70 to 444 ppm. T.H ranged from 70 to 652 ppm.
T.Fe ranged from 0 to 0.5 ppm . T.Mn ranged from 0 to 0.3 ppm.
The present trial deals with Manganese and Iron removal from surface water and
groundwater in Assiut Governorate revealed the following facts:
The adsorption process is affected by different factors including, pH, metal ion
concentration, adsorbent dose, particle adsorbent size, and agitation time.
The maximum pH for Fe(III) adsorption by un treated and treated corncob was
4.0 and 5.0, respectively. While, maximum pH for adsorption of Fe(III) by
untreated and treated sugarcane bagasse was 5.0.
The maximum pH for Mn(II) adsorption by un treated and treated corncob was
5.0 and 2.0, respectively. While, maximum pH for adsorption of Mn(II) by
untreated and treated sugarcane bagasse was 4.0 and 5.0, respectively.
The adsorption of Mn(II) or Fe(III) was increased by increasing biosorbent dose
(untreated corncob or treated corncob; untreated sugarcane bagasse or treated
sugarcane bagasse), and maximum adsorption of metals was occurred when 1g/L
of biosorbent was used. This is because of the availability of more binding sites
for complexation of metal ions.
The efficiency of biosorption rate for Mn(II) and Fe(III) by both
biosorbents(corncob or sugarcane) (treated or untreated), was mostly occurred in
the first few minutes (30 minutes). There was no significant change in
concentration of the metalion with further increase in contact time.
Mn(II) or Fe(III) uptake increases with increase in initial concentration of metal
ion, while the percentage biosorption of metal ions decreases with an increase in
initial metal ion concentration.The decrease in percentage biosorption may be
attributed to lack of sufficient surfacearea to accommodate much more metal
available in the solution.
The biosorption rate efficiency decrease by increasing particle size of biosorbents.
This is due to less surface area available with increased particle size, thus
reducing the biosorption process.
Our results from FTIR spectrum indicated that the main functional groups present
in the bio-sorbents and involved in biosorption are (carboxyl, amino, hydroxyl
and phosphate groups).
The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich, Temkin,
and Dubinin-Radushkevich,models for metal ions in the studied concentration
range.
The qmax calculated from Langmuir parameters obtained for Fe(III) using
untreated corncob and citric acid treated corncob were 25 and 30 mg/g,
respectively. Which are closely related to the experimental data.
The qmaxcalculated from Langmuir parameters obtained for Fe(III) using untreated
corncob and citric acid treated sugarcane bagasse were 27.7 and 45 mg/g,
respectively. Which are not closely to the experimental data.
The Freundlich adsorption parameters, the adsorption capacity (KF), and the
intensity of adsorption(n), for Fe(III), were 7.46 and 1.05 for untreated corncob,
while it was 1.34 and 2.17 for treated corncob, respectively.
The adsorption capacity (KF), and the intensity of adsorption(n) were 4.3, 4.5 and
2.98, 1.65 for adsorption of Fe(III) by untreated and treated sugarcane bagasse,
respectively.