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Abstract Beta-thalassemia are a group of hereditary blood disorders characterized by impair production of the beta-globin chains of hemoglobin resulting in variable phenotypes ranging from severe anemia to clinically asymptomatic individuals. Three main forms have been described: Thalassemia Major, variably referred to as “Cooley’s Anemia” and “Mediterranean Anemia”, Thalassemia Intermedia and Thalassemia Minor also called “Betathalassemia carrier, ‘Beta-thalassemia trait’, or ‘heterozygous Betathalassemia. Beta-Thalassemia is a significant public health problem in Egypt, where over one million newborns are expected to be affected with this disorder, and it is considered the most common genetically determined chronic hemolytic anemia (85.1 %) in our locality. A high frequency of carriers has been reported in Egypt, ranging from 4 to 10 %. This is due to high rate of consanguineous marriage, which helps to accumulate deleterious genes in Egyptian families. Although Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy caused by defective hemoglobin Beta-globin synthesis , leading to excess alpha-globin chains that cause hemolysis and impairment of erythropoiesis, inflammation is known to play an important role in the development of complication of the disease .Though higher standards of care in Beta-thalassemia patients including blood transfusions combined with adequate chelation therapy have led to enhance years of survival but stimulant the rate of its related complication such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arterial and venous thrombo-embolic events increased also. The underlying mechanisms of Beta-thalassemia related complications were not determined clearly. Adipose tissue is one of the most important endocrine and secretory organs that release adipocytokines like adiponectin (resistin). Achronic inflammatory state is present in Beta-thalassemia patients, with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Adipocytokines are considered important players in the aetiopathogenesis of numerous metabolic, vascular and inflammatory disorders. Among these cytokines, much attention has been paid to adiponectin, which has significant effects on the inflammatory process Adiponectin attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, and cytokine production. Resistin is a member of the resistin-like molecule family of cysteine-rich secretory 12-kDa proteins. Some studies have shown the causative association between resistin and systemic inflammation, especially in the vascular endothelium. So, the aim of our study was to analyze adipocytokine concentrations (resistin) in the different types of Beta-thalassemia patients (major intermedia) and determine any possible correlations with disease severity. The present study was conducted on 90 subjects that classified into three groups, group I and II: including 50 and 20 Beta thalassemia patients (major intermedia) diagnosed by both clinical and laboratory criteria and groupI: including 20 healthy individuals volunteer subjects of matched age and sex (control group). All subjects were selected from the hematology pediatric department, Menoufia university, Egypt from the period of February 2016 February 2017. Clinical and laboratory data of the studied groups were tabulated and statistically analyzed. |