الفهرس 
Anatomy of knee joint:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of Avocado/Soybean unsaponifiables on the experimentally induced knee osteoarthritis in adult albino rat. Seventy adult male albino rats were utilized in this study.
They were classified into five groups.
group I (control group) consisted of twenty rats, was divided into four subgroups, five rats for each one, subgroup (Ia); rats were fed on standard diet without any treatment and subgroups (Ib), (Ic) and (Id); rats were injected once intra-articularly with normal saline 0.9% (solvent of MIA) then sacrificed after 1day, 21day and 42 day respectively.
group II (Avocado/Soybean unsaponifiables group) consisted of fifteen rats; they were received Avocado/Soybean unsaponifiables orally by gastric tube then sacrificed 5 rats after 1day, other 5 after 21day and 5 after 42 day.
group III (knee osteoarthritis induction group) consisted of fifteen rats, was divided into three subgroups, five rats for each one, subgroup (III a), subgroup (III b) and subgroup (III c); rats were injected once intra-articularly of the right knee joint with 3mg of MIA then sacrificed after 1 day, 21 day and 42 day respectively.
group IV (osteoarthritis induction + Avocado/Soybean unsaponifiables protected group) consisted of ten rats, was subdivided into two subgroups, five rats for each one; Subgroups IV a and IV b, each rat received avocado/ soybean unsaponifiables orally by gastric tube once daily every day for 21 days followed by MIA injection at right knee joint with continuation of ASU administration then sacrificed after one day and 21 day from injection respectively.
group V (osteoarthritis induction + Avocado/Soybean unsaponifiables treated group): consisted of 10 rats, was classified into 2 subgroups, each subgroup contained 5 rats. Subgroups V (a) and V (b): each rat was injected once by MIA at the right knee joint then after one day (V a) and after 21 day (V b) received avocado/ soybean unsaponifiables orally by gastric tube once daily every day for 21 days.
According to above mentioned periods, blood samples were collected from rat tail to assess ESR and C reactive protein then rats from all above mentioned groups were subjected to cervical dislocation after the recommended duration of each group. Knee joint of each animal was carefully dissected and removed for undergo X- ray study before histological paraffin sections (except one knee joint from each different group undergo scanning electron microscope study) then stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine histopathological examination under light microscope, toluidine blue stain for detection of proteoglycan content. Also immunohistochemical studies with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to detect oxidative stress response, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) to detect proinflammatory cytokines response and MMP-13 to detect main cytokines caused cartilage degradation.
Then the morphometric measurements were done by the image analyzer for counting the number of immunoreactivity positive cells in iNOS, TNFα, MMP-13 and counting of chondrocytes in different groups as well as measure color intensity of toluidine blue staining.
Results: group II (Avocado/Soybean unsaponifiables group) showed more improvements than control knee joint in histological results.