الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is primarily a pediatric disorder and is 15-times more common in children than in adults. The reported incidence of NS is 2–3/100,000 children per year. It is characterized by a triad of massive proteinuria (>40 mg/m2 per hour or 50 mg/kg per day), hypoalbuminaemia (≤ 2.5 mg/dL), and hyperlipidaemia (serum cholesterol >200mg/dL or 6.5mmol/L).
Approximately 90% of children with NS have INS, approximately 30% of children experience only one attack and are definitively cured after single course of steroids. Relapse occurs in more than two- thirds of children and nearly 50% relapse more than 4 times per year.
This study was carried out from December 2016 to July 2017 in the Pediatric Nephrology Clinic in Minia University Children’s Hospital.
One hundred patients were enrolled in this study, diagnosed and followed as SSNS for at least one year since initial diagnose according to the criteria for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.
The studied patients were divided according to frequency of relapse into two groups:
• group I (infrequent relapse NS): less than two relapses within six months of the initial response or less than four relapses for any year thereafter.
• group II (frequent relapse NS): two or more relapses within six months of initial response or four or more relapses within a period of one year.
Results:
Out of 100 patients, there were 50 males and 50 female. Males predominate in both groups giving a male:female ratio of 1.6:1. sixty nine were IFR and 31 were FR. The Main age at presentation in both groups was 1-5 years old. The incidence of relapses was more frequent among children coming from rural areas (71%) 0f FR. Hematuria was more frequent in FR (67.7%) and correlate significantly with relapse frequency. Infrequently relapsing patients had shorter period of remission ≤ 2weeks (79.7%) and longer duration of maintenance therapy > 6months (68.2%) than FR. Time of response to treatment comes in the forefront of variables independently associated with relapse frequency (OR=0.33) followed by Compliance (OR=0.32) then hematuria (OR=0.29) then treatment duration and finally residence, however, Age and sex, as independent variables, were not predictors of relapses.