الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
The study was conducted on 60 patients who had infertility with varicocele (1st group) and 60 fertile controls (2nd group) between March 2015 - June 2017.
The patients were selected according to clinical examination, semen analysis and scrotal ultrasonography. patients were recruited from men attending the andrology clinic, Kasr Al Aini teaching hospital, faculty of medicine Cairo University.
The aim of this study was to assess the association of testicular microlithiasis with varicocele in infertile men and compare them with normal control subjects.
Each patient was thoroughly evaluated by:
1) A comprehensive history.
2) A detailed clinical examination.
3) Two semen analyses .
4) Basal hormonal evaluation (FSH, LH, PRL, E2, TT).
5) Scrotal ultrasonography.
6) tumour markers (AFP,CEA,LDH,β-HCG), chest x-ray,abdominal ultrasound for cases with ultrasonographic features of TM.
After statistical analysis, the results were as follows:
The comparison between two groups in age was not significantly different (p˃0.05).
Approximately4/60(6.7%) had testicular microlithiasis in the first group,0/60( 0% ) had testicular microlithiasis in the second group.
The 4 cases were smokers and having primary infertility and marked impairment of semen parameters, but not among those with secondary infertility- suggesting a possible gentic link between the two conditions.
Three cases were on the left side and one case was had bilateral TM. All cases had classic type, grde I TM.
TM cases were associated with either clinical grade two or grade three varicoceles, but not with clinical grade one or subclinical varicoceles. Additionally, TM distribution was restricted to varicocele laterality.
Patients with TM had no pathologic levels of tumour Markers (AFP, CEA, LDH, β-HCG).
Patients with TM had normal chest x- ray,abdominal ultrasound.