الفهرس 
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Abstract
Breathing in other people’s tobacco smoke is known as passive, involuntary or secondhand smoking (SHS). It may also be called environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Passive smoking is now regarded as the third health threat in the world, after smoking and alcohol abuse.
Worldwide, children are more heavily exposed to SHS than any other age-group. This starts during pregnancy and breast-feeding in infancy when they share their mothers active or passive smoking and is followed by passive smoking during childhood. Children’s body and organs are developing and growing and thus more sensitive to adverse influence and children have higher relative ventilation rates leading to higher internal exposure than adults have. Further young children have no possibility to escape from the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by their own will. The home is now the main source of exposure to SHS for children.
SHS exposure causes adverse effects on children’s health including lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, wheezing, middle ear infections, sudden unexpected death in infancy and invasive meningococcal disease. There is an emerging evidence of the etiologic contribution of environmental factors, including tobacco smoke, to cognitive, behavioral, and developmental disorders of childhood.
The aim of the present work was to identify the association between parents reported children’s secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in the home and neurobehavioral disorders. To achieve such aim, a cross sectional study was conducted on primary school children in Estanha village, Menoufia Governerate, Egypt.
The study population sampled from school children in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades of the selected school at the school year (2016-2017) aged from 10 to 12 years during the period from the 1st of October 2016 to the end of December 2017.
All participants in the study were evaluated through:
1-For children:
a. History taking: Including Personal data and past history of disease.
b. Medical examination.
c. Neurobehavioral test battery: Five neurobehavioral test batteries measuring cognitive domain were administered (Similarities Test-Digit Span Test-Digit Symbol Test-Trail Making Test-Paired Auditory Serial Addition Test).
2-For parents: Pre-designed questionnaire for parent to assess child exposure to smoke and behavior of the child.
3-For teachers: Pre-designed questionnaire for teacher to assess child academic performance in school.
from this study it was found that:
1. About 44.2% of the children who participated in the present study were reported to be exposed to SHS at home (smoker in the home as index of SHS).
2. Male percent was higher in non-exposed group which means that girls are exposed to higher rates of SHS than boys.
3. The majority of exposed children have only one smoker at home and half of them exposed to little smoke 4. Similarity test shows lower performance in exposed than non-exposed group.
5. There is significantly higher prevalence of impaired memory in SHS exposed children than non-exposed group.
6. There is significantly higher prevalence of poor learning new things and applying knowledge in school in SHS exposed children than non-exposed group.
7. There are significantly negative correlations between Digit Span and Digit Symbol Tests and number of cigarette exposed per day in exposed children.
8. There are significantly positive correlations between Trail Making Test and number of cigarette exposed per day in exposed children.
9. There is significantly higher prevalence of poor school performance among exposed children than among non exposed group.