الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bronchial asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are obstructive pulmonary diseases that affected millions of people all over the world.
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are inflammatory lung diseases that are characterized by systemic and chronic localized inflammation and oxidative stress. Sources of oxidative stress arise from the increased burden of inhaled oxidants, as well as elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from inflammatory cells. There is now increasing evidence that ROS generation plays a major pathophysiological role in asthma and COPD, and it is important for the severity of these conditions.. However, for ROS to have such an impact, it must first overcome a variety of antioxidant defences.
The major mechanisms include antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT).These enzymes responsible for antioxidant defence have trace elements like zinc, copper, and magnesium, within their structure and act as a cofactor for these enzymes.
The aim of the present work was to study the possible association the serum levels of some trace elements (zinc, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and the clinical and physiological parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.
Eighty three subjects were included in the present study. They were divided into patients group and controls group. The patients group which include group I with 31 patients suffering from COPD andgroup ІІ included 32 patients suffering from BA. group III was the control group and included 20 apparently healthy subjects.
Detailed history,through physical examination, pulomnary function tests (Spirometry) and lab investigations including CBC and estimation of serum (Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, CRP, urea, creatinine, FBG, AST and ALT) were done to all subjects in the study. Measuring total oxidant capacity and total antioxidant capacity were also done to all subjects in the study. Bronchodilator test (reversibility test) was done to patients group only.
In the present work there was a statistically significant decrease in the TAC level in the COPD patients group than those of BA and control group (p = 0.007 and < 0.001 respectively) while no significant difference between BA and control groups (p= 0.130).
There was a statistically significant increase in the TOC level in BA patients group and COPD patients group than those of the control group. (p = 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively) while no significant difference between BA and COPD groups (p= 1.0).
In the present work there was a statistically significant decrease in the copper level in BA patients group and COPD patients group than those of the control group. (p= 0.001 and = 0.043 respectively) while no significant difference between BA and COPD groups
(p= 0.505).
There was a statistically significant decrease in the zinc level in BA patients group and COPD patients group than those of the control group. (p<0.001 and <0.001 respectively) while no significant difference between BA and COPD groups (p= 0.444).
In the present study there was a statistically significant decrease in the magnesium level in the COPD patients group than those of BA group (p= 0.001) while no significant difference between BA and control group and between COPD and control group (p=0.051 and = 1.00 respectively).
There was a statistically significant decrease in the manganese level in COPD and BA groups than those of control group (p < 0.001 and < 0.001 respectively) while no significant difference between BA and COPD groups (p= 1.00).
There was no statistical significant decrease in the iron level in COPD and BA groups and those of control group and there was also no significant difference between BA and COPD groups (p= 0.646).
TAC level was significantly higher among non-smokers and TOC was significantly higher among smokers, (p < 0.001, p = 0.002respectively). This showing the role of smoking in generating free radicals and increasing the oxidative stress.
The present work showed that there was significant positive correlation between level of TAC and FEV1(r=.380), (p < 0.001). Also negative correlation between TOC and FEV1 explaining the importance of oxidative status in the severity of COPD and BA.
Oxidative status and levels of some trace elements have an importance regarding the progression and development of COPD and BA.