الفهرس 
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Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is the third most frequent cardiovascular disease with an overall incidence of 100–200 per 100,000 annually. PE is a common, frequently undiagnosed and potentially lethal condition.
: In emergency departments, the diagnosis of PE represents one of the most common challenges in our practice. Therefore, the assessment of clinical probability is essential to avoid over testing or missing diagnosis of PE.
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of two commonly used clinical prediction rules including (Wells rule, and revised Geneva score) and two not used prediction rules including (Pulmonary Embolism Rule Out Criteria (PERC), and Pisa model) in predicting PE at Alexandria Main University Hospital.
A prospective observational study conducted on patients with suspicion of PE. Four different clinical prediction rules (Wells rule, revised Geneva score, PERC, and Pisa model) were used to assess the clinical probability of PE in 82 patients. Multislice CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was our reference diagnostic standard.
This study was conducted on eighty two patients admitted to Emergency Medicine Department and/or Chest Diseases Department of Alexandria Main University Hospital that were suspected to have PE. Patients were excluded from the present study if they had a Glasgow coma score (GCS) less than 15, contraindication to CTPA (i.e. allergy to iodine contrast agents, renal insufficiency, or pregnancy)
All patients were rapidly and thoroughly assessed using the ABCDE approach. After informed consent had been obtained, all patients underwent history taking, clinical examination, arterial blood gas testing (ABG), the chest radiograph (P-A view), ECG, markers of myocardial injury (troponin I), a quantitative D-dimer test, and CTPA was used to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of PE.