الفهرس 
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Abstract
The effect of orally administered methimazole (MMI) (0.02% W/V) as hypothyroid agent and thyroxine (T4 ) (gradual increased concentration dose 50-200 mg/g b wt) as hyperthyroid agent to pregnant female rats from gestational day 1 to lactational day 28 on their offspring through 1st, 2nd ,3rd and 4th weeks after birth were investigated. Serum TT4 and TT3 of pregnant dams 10 days after pregnancy, and 10 days after birth in addition, FT4, FT3 and TSH of their offsprings were estimated. Monoamine (MO) concentrations, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, Na+,K+-ATPase activity as well as GSH, MDA level and SOD activity in addition to total lipid and total protein were estimated in the cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord of the offspring. In hypothyroid group, TT3 and TT4 in sera of rat dams as well as offspring FT3 and FT4 were decreased,while there was a significant increase in TSH level. The reverse pattern was occured in the hyperthyroid group. Hypothyroidism caused decrease in MO concentrations, AchE as well as Na+,K+-ATPase activity, GSH, total lipid and total protein and increase MDA and SOD. Meanwhile hyperthyroidism caused excess in MO, AchE activity, Na+,K+-ATPase activity, GSH, total lipid and total protein while GSH level was decline. On the other hand, the histological investigations revealed that there were marked developmental defects represented in delayed or accelerated migration in case of hypo and hyperthyroidism respectively, which lead to irreversible changes. Also neuronal cells in the CNS were shirinked, degenerated or exhibited eosinophilic necrosis with pyknotic nuclei, and in general CNS cytoarchiticure exhibited severe growth retardation in both treated groups. The obtained results reveal that thyroid hormone is sensitive to brain rat structure and function prior to the birth and at different ages of neonatal period.