الفهرس 
Introduction
Chapter (1): Anatomy Of The LarynxOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This is a prospective study included fifty patients with laryngeal lesions and was conducted in the E.N.T outpatient clinic of El-Minia University Hospital during the period between December 2015 to July 2016 to evaluate laryngeal ultrasound as an alternative to laryngeal endoscopy in diagnosis and assessment of various laryngeal lesions.
All patients were subjected to the following :
1) Full history taking (name, age, sex….).
2) Full E.N.T examination.
3) Direct laryngoscopy:
4) High resolution ultrasonography: was used to examine the patients by radiologist.
The results are summarized as follows:
The mean age of all studied patients was 41.7 years ranged from 10 to 75 , Males represented 56% (28 cases) and females represented 44% (22 cases).
By direct laryngoscopy, Bilateral vocal fold nodule was found in 14 cases however, ultrasound diagnosed 11 cases of them, 16 cases were diagnosed with left or right vocal fold polyp and the ultrasound diagnosed 15 cases of them, 10 patients were diagnosed as glottal mass however, the ultrasound diagnosed 8 cases of them. For Vocal fold cyst, 4 cases were diagnosed by both DL and ultrasound. Also, for Reinke’s oedema, 4 cases were diagnosed by both DL and ultrasound. One case was diagnosed as Laryngeocele for both maneuvers. One case was diagnosed as Laryngeoscleroma by DL while not diagnosed by ultrasound. These slight differences between DL and ultrasound not statistically significant. This present results means that the two maneuvers had almost the same good result of diagnosis and that Ultrasonography could be alternative maneuver to direct laryngoscopy in diagnosis.
The present results showed that there was a significant difference between Direct laryngoscopy and Ultrasonography in diagnosing the thickened form, (10 cases in Ultrasonography vs. no cases in Direct laryngoscopy) also the same result was found in true vf (left), (9 cases in Ultrasonography vs. no cases in Direct laryngoscopy). The results are expected because the ultrasound can asses the thickness while DL can not and this is one of the additional advantages of using ultrasound as compared to DL.
Our results indicated that the results of DL and intraoperative were almost the same as compared to ultrasound results. The present results showed that there was a significant difference between Direct laryngoscopy and intraoperative results as compared to Ultrasound results in diagnosing free and thickened ventricular folds (right and left) and Anterior Commissure, while there was no significant difference between direct laryngoscopy and Ultrasonography as regard mobility of vfs (right and left) ,Aryepiglottic fold, Arytenoid cartilage and Subglottic area and this means that highly accuracy of using ultrasonography in detecting mobility of vfs, Anterior Commissure, Aryepiglottic fold, Arytenoid cartilage and Subglottic area with no differences as compared to DL.
Regarding to our study results, we can state that in some cases with large supraglottic mass, we can not determine if there was a glottic and subglottic extension by DL but by ultrasound we could. Additionally, there were some findings could be detected by ultrasound but not by DL, like lymph node enlargement, cartilaginous framework, paralaryngeal spaces and strap muscles.